昆虫几丁质合成及其调控研究前沿
Insect chitin biosynthesis and its regulation
张文庆**，陈晓菲***，唐斌***，田宏刚***，陈洁，姚琼 陈 洁 等
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作者单位：中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室广州510275
中文关键词：几丁质合成通路， RNAi， 调控
英文关键词：chitin biosynthesis pathway, RNAi, regulation
中文摘要：
几丁质合成与降解是昆虫最重要的生理过程之一。本文根据国外和作者自己的研究，综述了昆虫几丁质合成及其调控研究进展。昆虫几丁质的生物合成通路始于海藻糖，终止于几丁质，其中共有8个酶参与。目前研究最多的为海藻糖酶和几丁质合成酶。昆虫存在2个海藻糖酶基因和2个几丁质合成酶基因。可溶性海藻糖酶基因对昆虫表皮的几丁质合成影响更大，而膜结合海藻糖酶基因则主要影响中肠的几丁质合成。几丁质合成酶A主要负责表皮和气管几丁质的合成，而几丁质合成酶B则负责中肠围食膜的几丁质合成。目前，昆虫几丁质合成的调控途径主要有两种：利用RNAi技术和几丁质合成抑制剂。
英文摘要： Chitin biosynthesis and degradation is one of the most important physiological processes in insects. Insect chitin biosynthesis pathway starts from trehalose and ends with chitin, in which 8 enzymes are involved. Trehalases and chitin synthases (CHS) have currently been studied at most. There are two trehalases in insects, soluble and membranebound trehalases, with major roles in chitin synthesis in the cuticle and the midgut, respectively. The class A CHS is involved primarily in chitin synthesis in the cuticle and trachea, while class B CHS is thought to be for synthesis of chitin in the peritrophic matrix. At present, chitin biosynthesis can be regulated in two aspects such as use of RNAi techniques and chitin synthesis inhibitors.