基于微卫星标记的饶河黑蜂亲缘关系分析
Genetic relationships of the Raohe black bee (Apis mellifera ssp． )inferred from microsatellite markers
彭文君1**,罗其花2***,李长春2,刘晓东2,马玉珍2
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作者单位：1. 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所北京100093； 2. 北京市密云县园林绿化局北京101500
中文关键词：饶河黑蜂，俄罗斯蜜蜂，遗传距离，亲缘关系，微卫星标记
英文关键词： Raohe black bee，Russian bee，genetic relationships，genetic distance，microsatellites
中文摘要：为了摸清我国饶河黑蜂(亦称东北黑蜂)群体与俄罗斯蜜蜂(亦称USDA-ARS 俄罗斯蜜蜂)、C 形态学分
支的卡尼鄂拉蜂Apis mellifera carnica、O 形态学分支的高加索蜂Apis mellifera caucasica 和安拉托尼亚蜂Apis
mellifera anatoliaca 之间的亲缘关系，本试验运用16 个微卫星DNA 标记，以来自饶河县7 个区域(东北黑蜂国家
级自然保护区所在地)的东北黑蜂为研究对象，其它5 个蜜蜂群体为对照，分析了东北黑蜂与其他西方蜜蜂的亲
缘关系、群体遗传结构和种质特性。结果表明东北黑蜂群体与俄罗斯蜜蜂亲缘关系最近(遗传距离( dμ) 2 = 0. 31
～ 0. 55)，在遗传进化关系上处于同一进化分支，而与高加索蜂、安拉托尼亚蜂和卡尼鄂拉蜂的亲缘关系相对较远
(遗传距离( dμ) 2 = 0. 52 ～ 0. 86)。该实验结果进一步证明东北黑蜂起源于俄罗斯蜜蜂，其对东北黑蜂的选育、推
广和保护具有重要的现实意义。
英文摘要：Population genetic structure and differentiation among Northeastern black bee ( also known as the Raohe black
bee)，Russian bee ( also called the USDA-ARS Russian honey bees)，Apis mellifera carnica ( of the C morphological
group )，Apis mellifera caucasica ( of the O morphological group ) and Apis mellifera anatoliaca ( also of the O
morphological group)，honeybee populations samples from 7 areas in Raohe county ( where the China National Nature
Reserve for the black bee is located) were assessed on the basis of 16 microsatellite loci． The results show that the genetic
relationship between the Raohe black bee and Russian bee was the closest ( genetic distance ( dμ) 2 = 0． 31 － 0． 55) and
that genetic relationships between the Raohe black bee，A． m． carnica，A． m． caucasica and A． m． anatoliaca were
relatively distant ( genetic distance ( dμ) 2 = 0． 52 － 0． 86) ． These results provide genetic evidence supporting a Russian
origin for the Raohe black bee，and could help inform selective breeding programs and the design and location of reserves
for variety that are more likely to resist invasion．