张家界山区角倍蚜两虫态过冷却点比较及人工植藓保蚜越冬技术
A comparison of the supercooling and freezing points of two instars ofinduce overwintering in aphids in the Zhangjiajie Mountains
文礼章 毕冰峰 王文茂 许浩 朱亮
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作者单位：1. 湖南农业大学生物安全科学技术学院湖南农业大学昆虫科学研究所长沙410128;2. 张家界奥威科技有限责任公司张家界427000)
中文关键词：张家界，角倍蚜虫，过冷却点，体液结冰点，越冬
英文关键词：Zhangjiajie，Schlechtendalia chinensis，supercooling points，body fluid freezing points，overwinter
中文摘要： 为了解张家界地区所产角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis( Bell)秋迁蚜及越冬若蚜的耐寒性及两虫态间在耐寒性方面的差异，应用过冷却点测定仪，抽样测定了上述两虫态个体的过冷却点和体液结冰点，结果表明:秋迁角倍蚜过冷却点和体液结冰点的平均值、最低值和最高值分别依次为－ 13. 32 ± 0. 77，－ 15. 69， － 11. 12℃ 和 － 13. 00 ± 0. 72，－ 14. 54，－ 10. 80℃ ;而无翅若蚜过冷却点和体液结冰点的平均值、最低值和最高值分别依次为 － 18. 95 ± 0. 82，－ 20. 24，－ 17. 02℃和－ 18. 70 ± 0. 82，－ 20. 07，－ 16. 95℃。方差分析表明，越冬若蚜的过冷却点和体液结冰点都明显低于秋迁蚜的过冷却点和体液结冰点，进而推测，越冬若蚜的耐寒能力要显著强于秋迁蚜的耐寒能力。试验还表明，张家界地区角倍蚜的次生寄主苔藓(侧枝匐灯藓Plagiomniummaximoiczii)通过人工植藓可在小型聚酯瓶( polyester bottle)内正常生长，接种后的秋迁蚜可顺利生产若蚜，若蚜也能顺利产织蜡球进而度过 寒冷的冬天直至下一年春迁蚜产生。
英文摘要： The cold resistance，supercooling points and body fluid freezing points of two instars of Schlechtendalia
chinensis (Bell)were determined using of a supercooling point tester． The average，minimum and maximum values of the supercooling and freezing points of the body fluids of autumn aphids were － 13. 32 ± 0. 77，－ 15. 69，－ 11. 12℃ and － 13. 00 ± 0. 72，－ 14. 54，－ 10. 80℃ ． Average，minimumandmaximum values of supercooling and freezing points of the body fluids of wingless nymph-aphids of S． chinensis were － 18. 95 ± 0. 82，－ 20. 24，－ 17. 02℃ and － 18. 70 ± 0. 82，－ 20. 07，－ 16. 95℃ ． Analysis of variance indicates that wingless nymph-aphids had significantly lower supercooling and body fluidfreezingpoints than autumn aphids． This suggests that wingless nymph-aphids have greater cold tolerance than autumn aphids． The results also indicate that the secondary host of S． chinensis，prostrate light mos(Plagiomnium maximoiczii)，was able to be propagated in small polyester bottles in which autumn aphidsreproducednormally producing aphid-nymphs which successfully produced wax balls in which to spendthecoldwinteruntilemerging the following spring．