飞蝗的种群遗传学与亚种地位
Population genetics and the subspecific taxonomy of the migratory locust
马川,康乐
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作者单位：中国科学院动物研究所 农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室北京100101
中文关键词：飞蝗， 种群遗传学， 亚种分类， 线粒体基因组
英文关键词：Locusta migratoria, population genetics, subspecific taxonomy, mitochondrial genome
中文摘要： 飞蝗是一种重大农业害虫，其分布范围几乎覆盖了东半球的整个温带和热带地区。由于飞蝗的远距离迁移习性，不同地理种群间的基因交流非常复杂。基于形态学特征，飞蝗曾被建议划分为13个亚种。然而，这些亚种的分类地位一直存有争议，不同亚种或地理种群间的亲缘关系也不十分清楚。近年来飞蝗分子谱系地理学研究的开展，尤其是基于线粒体基因组序列的研究，为飞蝗的种群遗传关系提供了全新的观点。线粒体基因组研究结果表明，飞蝗起源于非洲，通过南北2个主要线路扩散到整个旧世界。分子证据证明世界范围内仅有2个飞蝗亚种，分布于欧亚大陆温带地区的飞蝗属于亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria，分布于非洲、大洋洲和欧亚大陆南部地区的飞蝗属于非洲飞蝗L. m. migratorioides，所有其它的亚种和地理宗都是这2个亚种的地理种群。文中就飞蝗的种群遗传学、亚种分类的研究历史和研究进展进行了综述，还就许多飞蝗地理种群的谱系地理关系进行了讨论。
英文摘要： The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, is a notorious agricultural pest with a wide distribution in temperate and tropical areas of the Eastern Hemisphere. Due to the longdistance migration of the migratory locust, complex gene flow exists among geographic populations. Based on morphometrics, this species was previously divided into 13 subspecies. However, the validity of this classification is contentious and genetic relationships among different subspecies or geographic populations have not been fully resolved by traditional morphometricsbased studies. Recent progress in research on the molecular phylogeography of the migratory locust, especially that based on complete mitochondrial genomes, provides new insights for population genetic relationships. A study of mitochondrial genomes indicates that the migratory locust originated in Africa and dispersed worldwide via southern and northern routes. Evidence from mitochondrial genomes supports the view that there are only two valid subspecies; L. m. migratoria, distributed in the temperate regions of the Eurasian continent, and L. m. migratorioides, distributed in Africa, Oceania, and southern Eurasia. All other previously designated subspecies are geographic populations of these two subspecies. We review the history and recent progress in research on the population genetics and subspecific taxonomy of the migratory locust, and discuss phylogeographic relationships among locust populations.