基于DNA条形码对北京地区蔷薇科花卉上蚜虫的快速鉴定
Rapid identification of aphids on flowering plants of Rosaceae in Beijing based on DNA barcoding
温娟1，2,陈睿1，2,姜立云1,乔格侠1**
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作者单位：1.中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室北京100101；2.中国科学院大学北京100049
中文关键词：蚜虫， DNA条形码， COⅠ， 蔷薇科花卉
英文关键词：aphid, DNA barcoding, COⅠ, Rosaceae flower plant
中文摘要： 蔷薇科花卉植物是北京城市绿化的主要观赏植物，也是多种蚜虫的寄主植物。由于蚜虫体型小，形态特征特化或退化，具有复杂的多型现象，依据传统的形态学特征往往无法实现对物种的准确而快速的鉴定，因此会影响对蚜虫的及时有效防治。本研究应用DNA条形码技术，基于COⅠ基因序列分析，对北京地区主要蔷薇科花卉上的蚜虫进行编码，试图在花卉种植和害虫防治时用于物种的快速、准确鉴定。实验得到9属12种蚜虫的65条COⅠ基因序列，种内平均差异为0.70%，种间平均差异为9.45%，最高可达12.59%。基于COⅠ序列构建了NJ树和MP树，绝大多数物种的样品有效地聚为一支，且支持率达到了90%以上，构建的系统发育树可以很好的显示相同物种样品的聚类。结合遗传距离和系统发育树分析表明，基于COⅠ序列的DNA条形码能有效区分83%的北京地区蔷薇科花卉蚜虫物种。
英文摘要： Flowering ornamental plants of the Rosaceae family are a major feature of Beijing’s gardens but are also host plants for a variety of aphids. It’s often difficult to identify aphids rapidly and accurately by traditional methods due to their tiny bodies，degradation and specialization of morphological characteristics, and the occurrence of multiple morphs within single species. We evaluated DNA barcoding based on COⅠ sequences as a means of rapidly identifying the aphids found on Rosaceae flowering plants in Beijing. In this study, 65 COⅠ sequences were sequenced, including 12 species from 9 genera. The average intraspecific divergence was 0.70% whereas interspecific divergence was 9.45%\|12.59%. NJ/MP trees based on COⅠ sequences indicated that most samples of the same species clustered together with strong support (bootstrap value > 90%). From the combination of sequence divergences and phylogenetic trees, DNA barcoding reliably identified 83% of the aphid species.