基于DNA条形码对桃属植物上蚜虫的快速鉴定
Rapid identification of aphids on Amygdalus plants using DNA barcoding
王哲1,景若芸2,乔格侠1**
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作者单位：1 中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室北京100101； 2 陕西省西安市第八十三中学西安710043
中文关键词：蚜虫， DNA条形码， COⅠ， 桃属植物
英文关键词：aphid, DNA barcoding, COⅠ, Amygdalus plant
中文摘要： 桃属(Amygdalus)植物是我国重要的果树，有些种类是常见的城市绿化观赏树种，也是多种蚜虫的寄主。蚜虫的体型小，有复杂的多型现象，传统的形态学特征往往无法实现对物种的准确而快速的鉴定。本研究应用DNA条形码技术，基于COⅠ基因序列分析，对我国桃属植物上的蚜虫进行编码，为桃属植物上蚜虫的物种快速、准确鉴定提供有力的支持。本研究共编码桃属植物上蚜虫12种，其中蚜亚科Aphidinae 6属10种，毛管蚜亚科Greenideinae 1属1种，毛蚜亚科Chaitophorinae 1属1种。共获得COⅠ基因序列96条，种内平均差异为0.76%，种间为5.7%~15.5%。基于COⅠ序列构建了NJ树，绝大多数物种的样品有效地聚为一支，且支持率达到了95%以上。结合遗传距离和系统发育树分析表明，基于COⅠ序列的DNA条形码能有效区分99%的桃属植物上的蚜虫物种。
英文摘要： Amygdalus plants are important fruit trees and some are common ornamental plants. They are also the host plants for a variety of aphids. It is difficult to identify aphids rapidly and accurately by traditional methods because of the degradation of specimens, specialization of morphological characters and the occurrence of multiple forms within species. In order to identify aphids rapidly and accurately, DNA barcoding based on COI sequences was used to analyze aphids on Amygdalus plants. In this study, 12 species were found, including 10 species from Aphidinae, 1 species from Greenideinae and 1 species from Chaitophorinae. 96 COI sequences were obtained from this study. The average intraspecific divergence was 0.76% while interspecific divergence was 5.7%\|15.5%. NJ trees were built based on COI sequences, in which most samples of the same species clustered together with strong support (more than 95% bootstrap value). Combining sequence divergences and phylogenetic tree results, 99% of the aphid species on Amygdalus plants were well\|differentiated by DNA barcoding.