寒区昆虫病原线虫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治研究
Efficacy of a mixed formulation of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ZT (Heilongjiang isolate) and Steinernema carpocapsae Allagainst Bradysia odoriphaga
李春杰1**,王义2,许艳丽1***,张志明1,孟洁1,姚钦1,宋洁1
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DOI：
作者单位：1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态院重点实验室海伦农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站哈尔滨150081； 2. 美国Rutgers大学新泽西08901
中文关键词：昆虫病原线虫， 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊， 寒区， 防效
英文关键词：entomopathogenic nematode, Bradysia odoriphaga, control efficacy, Chinese chive and root maggot
中文摘要：
结合室内生测、温室盆栽和大棚内小区试验的方法，探讨了寒区昆虫病原线虫（entomopathogenic nematode, EPN）对我国北方越冬韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang的防治作用。室内生测的结果显示，在侵染剂量为400条侵染期线虫（IJs）每头3龄幼虫或蛹时，异小杆线虫Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ZT（HbZT，哈尔滨市植物园分离株）、H. bacteriophora LG（HbLG，辽宁分离株）、H. acteriophora NJ（HbNJ，美国新泽西分离株）和斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae All（ScAll）对迟眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的致死率于72 h后均达100%，而对蛹的寄生效果则是HbZT线虫最高；HbZT与ScAll（1∶1）混用，对幼虫的室内寄生效果高于单独施用2个线虫的寄生效果；温室盆栽试验中喷施HbZT与ScAll（1∶1）的线虫混合液，施用剂量减半（50万IJs/m2），对韭蛆成虫羽化的控制效果稍高于单独施用2个线虫（100万IJs /m2）效果；不同时期防治韭蛆的试验结果表明，于韭菜棚内发现韭蛆成虫5～10 d内喷施线虫的防治效果较好；韭菜大棚内喷施剂量为50万IJs /m2的HbZT与ScAll线虫混合液对韭蛆幼虫防效达100%，增产作用与常规化学药剂（辛硫磷）相当。
英文摘要：
The root maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, is one of the most important insect pests of Chinese chives in northern China. To find alternatives to chemical pesticides for the insect, we have evaluated 3 isolates of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, HbZT (Heilongjiang), HbLG (Liaoning), and HbNJ (New Jersey, USA), and Steinernema carpocapsae All (ScAll) against 3rd instars and pupae of B. odoriphaga in petri dish, pot and greenhouse assay. We found that the mixed formulation of HbZT and ScAll achieved 100%, 806%, and 100% host mortality in petri dish, pot, and greenhouse assay espectively, which is more effective than using each species alone. In both pot assay and greenhouse assay, the mixed formulation achieved better results with a dose of 05 million IJs/m2 than each species alone at doses of 1 million IJs/m2. Our results also shown that the best time for application of entomopathogenic nematodes is 5 to 10 days after the first adults are detected.