尖唇散白蚁工蚁、兵蚁和繁殖蚁精子发生的比较研究
comparative study on the spermatogenesis in workers, soldiers and reproductives of the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis
苏晓红** 王云霞 魏艳红 阴灵芳
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作者单位：西北大学生命科学学院 西安 710069
中文关键词：白蚁，精巢，精子发生，工蚁
英文关键词： termite，testes，spermatogenesis，workers，soldiers
中文摘要： 为探讨白蚁非生殖品级和生殖品级生殖细胞发育差异，采用组织学染色技术对尖唇散白蚁Reticulitermes aculabialis Tsai et Hwang繁殖蚁、工蚁和兵蚁的精巢发育以及精子发生进行了显微观察和比较研究。结果发现3个品级间精巢发育的程度差异很大，三者精巢切面面积相对大小之比为：繁殖蚁∶工蚁 =1.7∶1；繁殖蚁∶兵蚁 = 29.3∶1；工蚁∶兵蚁=17.1∶1。繁殖蚁和工蚁精巢管内有精子的形成，工蚁和繁殖蚁精子的发生都经历了精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子时期，但工蚁有大量次级精母细胞呈细胞凋亡状态。兵蚁生殖细胞发育仅有精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞，没有精细胞和精子产生。工蚁的生殖细胞显著小于同一时期繁殖蚁的生殖细胞，兵蚁的各时期生殖细胞均极显著小于繁殖蚁同一时期的生殖细胞。研究表明各品级之间生殖功能分化与生殖细胞发育有直接关系，工蚁有转化为补充繁殖蚁和兵蚁的能力；而兵蚁由于精巢极度退化不能产生精细胞和精子，因此是非生殖品级分化的终极形式，不具有转化成补充繁殖蚁或其它品级的能力。
关键词
英文摘要： A histological dyeing method was used to observe the testes and spermatogenesis in all castes of the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis Tsai et Hwang. The results show that the sectional area of the testes of reproductive individuals was 1.7 times bigger than that of workers and 29.3 times bigger than that of soldiers. The sectional area of workers’ testes was 17.1 times that of soldiers’. There were spermatozoa in the testicular follicles of both reproductives and workers, however, the worker testes had more apoptotic spermatocytesin. In the soldier caste, the process of spermatogenesis included only the spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and secondary spermatocyte stages; no spermatids or spermatozoa were observed. The germ cells of workers and soldiers were significantly smaller than those in reproductives at the same stage of spermatogenesis. The results suggest that the differentiation of reproductive function in this termite is directly correlated with gonad development. Workers can differentiate into neotenic reproductives or soldiers, but, due to the extreme degradation of the testes, the soldier caste does not have the ability to become other castes.