昆虫Takeout蛋白家族的研究进展
Recent advances in Takeout protein family of insects
于芹1,2**，安利国1，王宪辉2***
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作者单位：1.山东师范大学生命科学学院济南250014； 2.中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室北京100101
中文关键词： Takeout蛋白，节律，摄食，感受，求偶，寿命
英文关键词：Takeout protein, circadian rhythm, feeding, sensation, courtship, longevity
中文摘要： Takeout (TO)家族是昆虫在长期进化过程中形成的特有的一个大的蛋白家族，其蛋白包括约250个氨基酸，属于分泌蛋白。目前，对果蝇的TO蛋白的功能了解得最为透彻，主要分布于涉及化学感受和营养的组织，例如果蝇的触角、下唇须、脂肪体及前胃等。另外，在苍蝇、飞蛾、蚊虫、蚜虫、桑蚕、蜜蜂、大花蝶、白蚁等昆虫中也发现了多种TO蛋白家族成员。其主要功能是参与节律调控，调节昆虫摄食与运动，参与味觉和嗅觉系统的化学感受，参与性别分化，有助于雄性果蝇求偶等。本文从TO蛋白的结构特点、分布与表达、作用机制、生理功能等方面着手，阐释了近年来国内外昆虫TO蛋白的研究进展，这对于探明昆虫某些行为规律，从而探索害虫综合防治与治理的新方法有着重要的意义。
英文摘要： Takeout (TO) family is a big, insectspecific, protein family with a long evolutionary history. TOs are secretary proteins containing about 250 amino acids. Knowledge of the functions of these proteins is mostly derived from studies of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. TO proteins are abundantly distributed in several tissues related to chemical sense and nutrition, for example, antennae, tarsi, fat bodies and cardia. TO proteins are found in many insect species, such as flies, moths, mosquitoes, aphids, silkworms, honeybees, monarch butterflies and termites. So far, they are known to be involved in circadian rhythm, feeding, locomotion, chemical sensation, sexdetermination and male courtship behavior. Here, we summarize recent progress in TO proteins including structural characteristics, localization and expression, mechanism of action and physiological functions. Such knowledge should be helpful for entomological studies and pest management.