浙江宁波镇海工业园区昆虫多样性研究
A study on insect biodiversity of Zhenhai industrial estate in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province
张萃1, 2**，方燕1，严莹1，李恺1, 2***
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作者单位：1 华东师范大学生命科学学院上海200062； 2上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室上海200062
中文关键词：昆虫多样性， 镇海工业园区， 浙江宁波， 不同生境类型
英文关键词：insect biodiversity, Zhenhai industrial estate, Ningbo, Zhejiang, different habitats
中文摘要： 于2008年7-11月，对宁波镇海工业园区的昆虫群落多样性进行调查，选取林地、农田、人工苗圃、生态园和工厂区5种具有代表性的生境类型，每月对该地区的昆虫种类及数量进行抽样统计和数据分析。结果表明：该地共有昆虫284种，分属13目108科，其中优势类群为同翅目、直翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目和鳞翅目。在不同功能类群中，从个体数看，植食性昆虫最占优势，捕食性和寄生性昆虫个体较少，但科数较多。5种不同生境的昆虫ShannonWiener指数由高到低为：人工苗圃＞生态园＞林地＞工厂区＞农田；不同月份的昆虫多样性指数为：7月＞8月＞10月＞11月。相似性指数以农田-生态园最高，为0.3486；林地-人工苗圃最低，为0.1842。可见，昆虫分布与环境的关系非常密切，不同环境对昆虫的多样性有着较显著的影响。
英文摘要： The diversity of insect communities in Zhenhai industrial estate, Zhejiang Province was investigated from July to November 2008 Five representative habitats; woodland, farmland, an artificial nursery, ecological park and an industrial area were selected. The numbers of species and individuals in each habitat type were sampled and analyzed monthly. A total of 284 species belonging to 108 families and 13 orders were recorded. The dominant groups were the Homoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Among different guilds, phytophagous insects comprised 8843% of the total number of individual insects recorded and were much more abundant than either predatory or parasitic insects. However, the latter two groups were more diverse at the family level. The ShannonWiener index of species diversity in the five different habitats was, from highest to lowest: artificial nursery＞ecological park＞woodland＞industrial area＞farmlands. The temporal pattern of monthly species diversity was, from highest to lowest: July＞August＞October＞November. The similarity index (Cs) was highest (0.3486) between farmland and the ecological park, and lowest (0.1842) between woodland and the artificial nursery. The tight correlation between the distribution of insects and habitat suggests that habitat type is an important factor in insect diversity.