2003年我国稻纵卷叶螟特大发生的气候背景
Climatic factors influencing the 2003 outbreak of Cnaphalocrocis medinalisin in China
陈 晓1** 刘万才2 朱建生3 张孝羲1 翟保平1
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作者单位：南京农业大学昆虫学系 教育部&农业部病虫害监测与治理重点开放实验室 南京 210095；2. 全国农业技术推广服务中心 北京 100125；3. 江西省抚州市临川区植保站 临川 344100
中文关键词：稻纵卷叶螟，迁飞，大发生虫源，气候背
英文关键词：Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, migration, outbreak population, climate condition
中文摘要：
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2003年稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée在我国特大暴发，给水稻生产带来了严重的损失。为了揭示大发生种群形成的原因，本文对2003年稻纵卷叶螟种群动态和气候背景进行了分析。结果表明：气候异常是2003年稻纵卷叶螟特大发生的主要原因。（1）2月越南北方、华南南部气温异常偏高，导致成虫始见期为历史最早年份，初始虫源量成倍增长。（2）7月份西北太平洋副热带高压异常偏强、偏西，导致江南地区出现严重的高温干旱，促使江西、湖南早、中稻上的稻纵卷叶螟大规模北迁至长江中下游单季晚稻区。（3）8月份下旬－9月上旬，西太平洋副热带高压的南撤较常年明显偏迟，高压区长时间控制我国华东地区，形成了秋季高温、季风转换推迟的现象，导致江淮地区六（4）代成虫未能回迁，而是滞留在当地，比常年多发生了一个世代。
英文摘要：An outbreak of the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in China in 2003 caused severe damage to rice production. The population dynamics of the rice leaf roller in relation to climatic factors in 2003 were analyzed to investigate its outbreak mechanism. The results show that unusual climatic factors in 2003 played an important role in potentiating this outbreak. There were three unusual climatic factors in 2003. First, temperature was extremely high in northern Vietnam and the southern part of south China, resulting in the earliest recorded emergence of adults and a much larger initial population number. Secondly, the enhancement and westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high in July resulted in unusually high temperatures and drought in southern China which stimulated a massive migration from early- and middle-rice crops in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces to single-rice crops in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse River. Thirdly, in late August and early September, the southward retreat of the western Pacific subtropical high occurred distinctly later than usual, causing a warm autumn and late conversion of the monsoon. Consequently, rice leaf rollers in the Jiangnan-Huainan area failed to migrate southward and remained for one more generation.