黄粉甲低温贮存对管氏肿腿蜂发育和繁殖的影响
Influence of cold storage of Tenebrio molitor on the development and reproduction of Scleroderma guani.
陈 倩*；刘 冰；高灵旺；沈佐锐**
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作者单位：中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院 北京 100094
中文关键词：管氏肿腿蜂, 黄粉甲, 低温贮存, 存活, 发育, 繁殖
英文关键词：Scleroderma guani , Tenebrio molitor , cold storage, survivorship, development, reproduction
中文摘要：寄主的活动能力和营养状况是影响寄生蜂繁育效果的主要因素。以黄粉甲蛹为寄主, 筛选其最佳贮存温度和时间, 达到短时间内降低寄主活动能力的同时, 保证其有充足营养满足寄生蜂发育所需, 对于管氏肿腿蜂的规模化生产有重要意义。在9, 3, - 3, -9℃条件下, 分别贮存黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor L. 蛹5, 15, 25, 35 和45 d 对管氏肿腿蜂Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu 发育、存活以及增殖的影响。结果表明, 寄主活动能力随贮存温度的降低而减弱, 有利于管氏肿腿蜂的寄生, 寄生率和蜂种存活率不断升高; 寄主的不同贮存对寄生蜂卵孵化率影响小于对幼虫存活率影响, 而对蛹羽化率则无任何影响。管氏肿腿蜂各阶段历期与寄主贮存温度和时间有着一定关系, - 3 和- 9℃条件下, 寄主贮存时间越长,所接寄生蜂产卵前期越短; 不同贮存温度和时间的寄主间, 寄生蜂卵期、幼虫期和蛹期的持续时间存在一定差异, 最短分别为3.39, 6.27 和15.15 d, 而对期无显著差异; 幼期的变化趋势同产卵前期。寄主经不同温度和时间贮存后, 所繁育的管氏肿腿蜂最高产卵量为33.19 粒P雌、最高出蜂量为20.07 头P雌、雌雄最高性比可达17.53B1, 分别是CK 的2.21, 31.7 和1.26 倍。总体而言, 寄主经- 9℃贮存15~ 25d 后最有利于繁蜂, 其中- 9℃ 贮存15 d 出蜂量最高。单雌出蜂量较现有报道提高3 倍。
英文摘要：Activity and nutrient contents of host insects were the most influential factors on breeding productivity and quality of parasitoid insects. Pupae of Tenebrio molitor L. are used to be parasitized by the wasp Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu for the biocontrol in forestry pests such as Saperda populnea(L.) It was critical to select optimal storing temperature and duration of T. molitor in order to decrease its activity, keep its nutrient contents, and achieve abundant production of S. guani. To select the optimal temperature and duration, a test was designed and conducted at 9, 3, - 3, -9℃ for the host. s pupae storage of 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 d, respectively, based on laboratory observation about the physiological effects on its development, survival and reproduction of the parasitoid S. guani. The results indicated that parasitization rate and survival of the maternal wasps depended on the activity of its host; and the higher of the activity, the lower rate of the parasitization and survival. In addition, the rate of parasitization and survival increased with decreasing temperature of the host stored, because activity of the stored pupae was weakened at low temperature. The larval survival rate was the lowest, influenced by host that stored at different temperature and duration. Egg hatching percentage was the second. But there was no influence on pupal emergence rate. The pre- oviposition period was shortened with prolongation of host storage duration at - 3 and - 9℃. The lowest development time of egg, larvae and pupae on host that stored at different temperature and duration was 3.39, 6.27 and 15.15 d, respectively. The change on juvenile development time was as same as pre-oviposition. The highest number of oviposition per female was 33.19 eggs, which was 2.21 times as CK. The largest number of reproduction per female was 20.07 adults, which was 31.7 times as CK. And the highest value of sex ratio(♀:♂) was 17.53, which was 1.26 times as CK. According to the value of S. guani in adult production per female, the optimal host store condition must be between 15 ~ 25 d ( - 9℃) , with 15d being the most favorable. The reproduction per female was 3 times higher than reported.