危害松树的小蠹虫与其伴生菌的相互关系
Interactions among scolytid bark beetles and the associated fungi during attacking the living conifers
鲁 敏1,2**； 孙江华1***
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作者单位：1中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室 北京 100101；2中国科学院研究生院 北京 100039
中文关键词：小蠹虫， 伴生菌， 松属植物， 昆虫－真菌的相互关系
英文关键词：scolytid bark beetles, associated fungi, conifers, insectfungal interactions
中文摘要：危害健康松属植物的小蠹虫经常与一些特殊的真菌相联系。在小蠹虫危害松属植物的过程中，这些真菌被小蠹虫的一些特殊结构或者体表携带到松属植物上。小蠹虫与其伴生菌的联系表明小蠹虫和其伴生菌之间是一种互惠互利的关系。伴生菌随小蠹虫扩散而被带到新的寄主树木。而伴生菌或作为小蠹虫的食物来源，但更重要的是，有些伴生菌能够通过其菌丝渗透寄主组织，释放毒素，致死寄主树木，以帮助小蠹虫降低寄主抗性。许多研究致力于探索小蠹虫/伴生菌联合体与寄主树木之间关系的特征和确定小蠹虫与其伴生菌相互关系在生态学上的意义。然而，不同小蠹虫和其伴生菌所组成的共生体系，不同小蠹虫的种群数量，和不同环境条件下同种小蠹虫与其伴生菌相互作用方式的差异使我们在研究小蠹虫和其伴生菌这个共生体系时，对它们各自在成功聚集寄主树木过程中所发挥的重要作用的概括变得非常困难。
英文摘要：Scolytid bark beetles that colonize living conifers are frequently associated with specific fungi that are carried in specialized structures or on the body surface. These fungi are introduced into the tree during the attack process. The association suggests that there is mutual benefit to the fitness of both beetles and fungi. The fungal pecies may benefit from the association with the beetles by being transported to new host trees while beetle species may benefit from the association with fungi by feeding on the fungi, or by the fungi contributing to the death of the host trees through mycelial penetration of host tissue or toxin release. Extensive researches have been directed towards characterizing the interactions of beetlefungal complexes with live host conifers and determining the ecological advantages for maintaining the associations. However, differences among systems and how species interact under different population and environmental conditions make it difficult to generalize about the importance of the separate biological components in successful host colonization.