植食性昆虫学习行为与害虫治理的关系
The relationships between learning in phytophagous insects and integrated pest management
吕建华1, 2**；李月红1；刘树生1
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作者单位：1浙江大学昆虫科学研究所 杭州 310029； 2 河南工业大学粮油食品学院 郑州 450052
中文关键词：植食性昆虫， 学习行为， 害虫防治
英文关键词： phytophagous insects, learning, IPM
中文摘要：植食性昆虫的学习行为一般具有习惯性反应、厌恶性学习、联系性学习、敏感性反应、嗜好性诱导几种类型，它们对害虫防治方法的效果具有重要影响。害虫通过嗜好性诱导对栖境中大面积单作农作物造成更大的危害，通过联系性学习可对诱虫植物的效果产生积极或消极的影响。害虫对驱避剂或杀虫剂等产生习惯性反应可降低其防治效果。害虫对寄主植物驱避抗性产生习惯性学习就会加重对作物的为害，产生厌恶性学习则有利于对作物的保护。利用害虫的联系性学习行为，释放前让不育雄虫学习自然交配场所的环境刺激，可增强通过释放不育雄虫控制害虫的防治效果。了解植食性昆虫学习行为对害虫治理的影响有助于研究和发展有效的栖境调控、行为调控等策略和方法。
英文摘要：Learning in phytophagous insects include habituation, aversion learning, associative learning, sensitization, and induction of preference, which may significantly affect the effects of strategies and tactics of pest management. Induction of preference of pest insects may result in more serious infestations in largescale monoculture fields, and associative learning can produce positive or negative influence on the effects of trap cropping. Habituation of pest insects to repellents or insecticides may significantly reduce the effects of these control agents. Habituation to antixenosis of crops by pest insects may result in more severe damage, whereas aversion learning of antixenosis may favor protection of the crops. By taking advantage of associative learning, in sterilemalerelease programs, artificial experience of stimuli similar to those of natural copulation habitats by sterile males before release can enhance the ability of these insects to locate sites at which mating occurs in nature and to court females. Understanding the influence of learning in phytophagous insects on pest anagement may help to investigate and develop more effective strategies and tactics such as habitat manipulation and behavioral control.