媒介昆虫能够传播众多病毒，对人类健康和农业生产构成巨大威胁。在与病毒的长期协同进化过程中，带毒的媒介昆虫受到体内病毒的操纵，形成了许多不同的行为策略，不仅提高了对病毒的传播效率和范围，也使自身更容易取食和扩散。其中，取食行为、寄主选择行为和产卵行为是病毒操纵媒介昆虫行为变化的三个主要方面，但有关其形成的机制目前仍不清楚。本文基于最新的研究成果，以携带病毒的媒介昆虫行为变化特征为切入点，综述了媒介昆虫-病毒-寄主植物互作系统的最新研究进展，重点探讨了病毒对媒介昆虫神经调控的途径与机制。综述显示，病毒一方面通过与植物激素信号通路在蛋白水平上直接互作，调控寄主植物的营养和抗性，并通过“推-拉”策略以间接操纵媒介昆虫的行为；另一方面能够直接激发先天免疫的自噬与凋亡作用，或直接调控神经递质水平操控媒介昆虫的行为。显然，阐明媒介昆虫获毒、带毒、传毒的行为学机制和神经生物学机理，有助于更准确地预测病毒发生程度与传播途径，为控制和阻断病毒传播提供新思路。未来应进一步加强病毒对媒介昆虫免疫和神经系统调控的机制性研究，为发展基于媒介昆虫行为操纵的农业病虫害防控新对策提供理论基础

Insect-borne viruses are critical threatens to agriculture and public health. Through long-tern co-evolution, vector insects have developed unique behavioral features that not only promote the efficiency and range of virus transmission, but also benefit their insect vectors. The feeding, host-seeking and oviposition, of insect vectors are all manipulated by viruses to increase viral transmission. This review focuses on virus-manipulated behavioral traits of insect vectors. We conclude that viruses indirectly manipulate vector behavior by consuming host nutrition, interacting with critical components of the phytohormone signaling pathway and reprogramming host defense systems. Insect-borne viruses also directly manipulate vector behavior by triggering insects’ innate immunity, including apoptosis and autophagy, or by interfering with an insect’s nervous system, such as by modulating neurotransmitter concentrations during viral dissemination within the insect’s hemolymph. It is worth noting that deciphering the behavioral traits of insect vectors and the neuro-mechanisms underlying virus acquisition, maintenance, and transmission, is necessary to predict viral epidemics, and could provide a basis for virus control. Future strategies of virus epidemic prevention should focus on the effects of virus-mediated insect immunity and nervous system modification, and aim to restrict virus transmission through the behavioral manipulation of insect vectors.