草地贪夜蛾对小葱和洋葱的潜在为害风险
Potential threat posed by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda to shallot and onion crops
汤 印 郭井菲 王勤英 太红坤 何康来 王振营
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.134
作者单位：中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100193； 河北农业大学植物保护学院，保定 071000；云南省德宏州植保植检站，芒市 678400
中文关键词：草地贪夜蛾；小葱；洋葱；生长发育；产卵选择
英文关键词：Spodoptera frugiperda; shallot; onion; development; oviposition preference
中文摘要：
【目的】 为明确草地贪夜蛾 Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)对小葱和洋葱的潜在为害风险。【方法】 本研究比较2种寄主植物小葱和洋葱对草地贪夜蛾生长发育的影响，并测定草地贪夜蛾雌蛾对这2种寄主植物的产卵选择行为。【结果】 草地贪夜蛾在小葱和洋葱上能够顺利完成生活史实现种群繁衍，其中取食小葱的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期显著短于取食洋葱的。取食小葱的草地贪夜蛾成虫前期存活率为77%，显著高于取食洋葱的58%。取食小葱和洋葱的草地贪夜蛾成虫产卵前期差异不显著，但取食小葱的的总产卵前期显著长于取食洋葱的。此外，与取食洋葱相比，取食小葱的草地贪夜蛾成虫繁殖力和总的寿命虽有所增加，但差异不显著。种群生命表参数显示，取食小葱的草地贪夜蛾种群内禀增长率、净增殖率和周限增长率最高，平均世代周期最短。草地贪夜蛾雌蛾对小葱和洋葱不同部位具有明显的产卵选择性，草地贪夜蛾更偏好在洋葱上产卵，产卵部位以洋葱植株的中上部叶片为主。【结论】 小葱和洋葱均为草地贪夜蛾适合寄主植物，而相对于洋葱，小葱是草地贪夜蛾更适合的寄主植物。草地贪夜蛾对2种寄主植物的产卵选择性和取食2种寄主对其后代发育适合度并不一致。这一结论为评估草地贪夜蛾在小葱和洋葱上潜在为害风险提供科学依据。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To clarify the potential threat posed by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, to shallot and onion crops. [Methods] The effects of raising S. frugiperda larvae on either shallots or onions on larval growth and development, and the amount of oviposition time spent by adult females on these two host plants, were compared. [Results] S. frugiperda can successfully complete its life history on both shallots and onions but the larval period was significantly shorter on shallots. The preadult survival rate of S. frugiperda on shallots was significantly higher (0.77) than on onions (0.58). Although there was no significant difference in the adult preoviposition period (APOP) on either host plant the total preoviposition period (TPOP) was significantly longer on shallots than on onions. Although not significant, the fecundity and total longevity of S. frugiperda were higher on shallots than on onions. The intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase of S. frugiperdaraised on shallots were significantly higher, and the mean generation time shorter, compared to those raised on onions. There were significant differences in the oviposition preferences of S. frugiperda for different parts of shallots and onion plants. Females preferred to lay eggs on onions, particularly on the middle and upper part of onion plants. [Conclusion] Although S. frugiperda had high reproductive fitness on both shallots and onions, shallots are the more suitable of these two host plants for this species. Despite this, females preferred to lay eggs on onions rather than shallots. The results of this study contribute to the theory of coevolution between insect pests and host plants, and provide a scientific basis for assessing the risk of S. frugiperda to shallot and onion crops.