【目的】 为准确鉴定甘肃省高山草原常见蝗虫。【方法】 本研究采用通用引物扩增得到来自20种蝗虫的106条长度为657 bp的线粒体COⅠ序列，另从GenBank下载无齿稻蝗Oxya adentata 2条同源序列作为外群。通过构建ML系统发育树、基于遗传距离分类的ABGD法和基于序列差异分类的jMOTU法对序列处理后同形态学鉴定结果比较。【结果】 ML系统发育树显示短星翅蝗Calliptamus abbreviatus、黑腿星翅蝗Calliptamus barbarus、李氏大足蝗Gomphocerus licenti、大胫刺蝗Compsorhipis davidiana和大垫尖翅蝗Epacromius coerulipes均存在2个分支，其余15种有各自独立的分支；jMOTU结果显示鼓翅皱膝蝗Angaracris barabensis、科氏痂蝗Bryodema kozlovi、黑翅痂蝗Bryodema nigroptera、大胫刺蝗Compsorhipis davidiana为1组，肃南短鼻蝗Filchnerella sunanensis和祁连山短鼻蝗Filchnereua qilianshanensis为1组，不能互相区分，其余14种与形态分类一致；ABGD将108个样本分为28组，鼓翅皱膝蝗Angaracris barabensis、科氏痂蝗Bryodema kozlovi、黑翅痂蝗Bryodema nigroptera、大胫刺蝗Compsorhipis davidiana为1组，再无其他不同种划分为1组，其他16种与形态分类一致。【结论】 DNA条形码技术，可作为传统形态学分类鉴定的重要辅助手段，可以提高蝗总科，尤其是近缘种鉴定结果的可靠性，但不能完全脱离传统形态学方法。

[Objectives]  To accurately identify insects of the superfamily Acridoidea in the alpine grasslands of Gansu province. [Methods]  Sequences of the mitochondrial COⅠ gene with a length of 657 bp were obtained from 106 individuals of 20 species from the superfamily Acridoidea, and two homologous sequences of Oxya adentata were downloaded from GenBank as outgroups. A Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) threshold method based on genetic distance classification, and the Molecular Defined Operational Taxonomic Units (jMOTU) threshold method based on sequence difference classification. [Results]  The phylogenetic tree placed Calliptamus abbreviatus, Calliptamus barbarus, Gomphocerus licenti, Compsorhipis davidiana and Epacromius coerulipes on two branches, and the other 15 species on separate branches. The results of jMOTU place Anaracris barabensis, Bryodema kozlovi, Bryodema nigroptera, Compsorhipis davidiana in one MOTU, and Filchnerella sunanensis and Filchnereua qilianshanensis in another MOTU which cannot be distinguished from each other. Identification of the other 14 species were consistent with the traditional morphological classification. ABGD divided the 108 samples into 28 groups, placing Angaracris barabensis, Bryodema kozlovi, Bryodema nigroptera, and Compsorhipis davidiana in one group. Identification of the other 16 species was consistent with morphological classification. [Conclusion]  DNA barcoding technology is an important auxiliary method for classifying and identifying locust species, improving the identification of species in the superfamily Acridoidea, especially closely-related species that cannot be reliably distinguished using traditional morphological methods.