影响蜜蜂级型分化的主要因素研究进展
Advances in research on the major factors responsible for honeybee cast differentiation
陈伟轩1, 2** 江慧枝1, 2 曾志将1, 2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.117
作者单位：1. 江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所，南昌 330045；2. 蜜蜂生物学与饲养江西省重点实验室，南昌 330045
中文关键词：蜜蜂；级型分化；进展
英文关键词： honeybee; cast differentiation; advance
中文摘要：
级型分化指社会性昆虫中，性别相同的个体，但它们的形态、职能和行为不同。蜂王和工蜂都是由受精卵发育而来的雌性蜜蜂，二者的遗传物质完全相同，但因食物营养和发育空间差异，直接导致两者在形态、生理、社会职能和寿命等方面存在巨大差异。目前影响蜜蜂级型分化的因素，主要包括食物营养、发育空间、蛋白质表达、基因表达及甲基化、激素调控等方面。本文就影响蜜蜂级型分化的主要因素研究进展进行了综述，并提出了几点展望，期望对广大读者有参考价值。
英文摘要：
Cast differentiation allows individuals with the same genome
to develop different morphology and behavioral characteristics. Honeybee queens
and workers have essentially the same genome, but develop distinctly different
morphology, physiology, roles within the colony and life span, due to
differences in nutrition and brood cell size during larval development. The
major factors underlying cast differentiation remain unclear. This article
reviews progress in research on the main factors affecting caste differentiation
in honey bees, including nutrition, developmental space, protein expression,
gene expression, methylation, and hormone regulation, and suggests directions
for future research.