基于DNA宏条形码技术对洛阳市区菜粉蝶肠道食物的多样性分析
Dietary analysis of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Luoyang City using DNA metabarcoding technology
方全博1, 2** 李艺杰3 胡俊杰1 王 翔1 刘潇宇1 贺春玲1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.119
作者单位：1. 河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院，洛阳 471023；2. 麻城市林业局，黄冈 438399； 3. 洛宁农发国储林建设有限公司，洛阳 471700
中文关键词：菜粉蝶；DNA宏条形码；食性分析；ITS2序列；多样性
英文关键词： Pieris rapae; DNA metabarcoding; diet analysis; ITS2 sequence; diversity
中文摘要：
【目的】 菜粉蝶Pieris rapae隶属于粉蝶科Pieridae粉蝶属Pieris，广泛分布于我国各地。该蝶幼虫主要为害十字花科Brassicaceae、菊科Asteraceae和木樨科Oleaceae等植物，成虫对部分植物具有一定的授粉功能，是研究“传粉昆虫-植物-植食性昆虫”互作关系的代表物种。【方法】 基于DNA宏条形码技术，研究洛阳市河南科技大学（HKD）、洛浦秋风园（QFY）和隋唐植物园（STY）3个城市绿地菜粉蝶的肠道食物种类和多样性。【结果】菜粉蝶寄主植物共涉及31科65属78种，其中十字花科、芸薹属和甘蓝的相对丰度占比最高，分别为48.49%、31.62%和30.35%。基于Alpha多样性分析，发现HKD的群落丰富度最大，并且显著大于QFY和STY（P<0.05），QFY的群落多样性和优势种的集中程度最高，并且显著大于HKD和STY（P<0.05）。基于Beta多样性分析，发现3个样地菜粉蝶肠道植物种类在同一地点差异性较小，不同地点差异性较大。【结论】 菜粉蝶能够根据不同的微生境作出不同的取食策略，且其肠道植物种类能够反映栖息地植物的多样性程度。植物DNA宏条形码技术为探究蝴蝶与栖息地植物间的协同共存机制提供了新的方法。
英文摘要：
[Aim] Pieris rapae, the cabbage white
butterfly, is widespread across China. The larvae cause significant damage to
plants from the Brassicaceae, Oleaceae, and Asteraceae families. Adults serve
as pollinators for some plant species and are a model species used in pollinator-plant-phytophagous
insect interaction studies. [Methods] DNA metabarcoding technology was
used to analyze the diet and gut diversity of P. rapae in 3 urban green spaces which included the Henan
University of Science and Technology (HKD), Luopu Autumn Garden (QFY), and Sui
and Tang Botanical Garden (STY). [Results] A total of 78 species belonging
to 65 genera in 31 families were found to be host plants of P. rapae. Of the 3 plant classification
levels including family, genus, and species, the relative abundance of
Cruciferae (48.49 %), Brassica (31.62%), and Brassica oleracea (30.35%)
were the highest. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the community richness
of HKD was significantly higher compared to QFY and STY (P<0.05). The
QFY community diversity and dominant species concentration was significantly
higher compared to HKF and STY (P<0.05). The beta diversity analysis
showed there was no significant difference in the variety of plant species in
the gut of P. rapae within each site.
However, there was a significant difference between the sites. [Conclusion] The findings of this study show
that P. rapae uses different feeding
strategies depending on the microhabitat. Moreover, the diversity of plants in
the habitat is reflected in the gut contents of P. rapae. DNA macrobarcoding technology provides a
new method to explore the cooperative coexistence mechanism between butterflies
and habitat plants.