海南蓝泥蜂Chalybion hainanense的筑巢产卵行为和生活史分析
The nesting, oviposition and life history, of Chalybion hainanense
张楚格1, 2** 欧阳芳2 王茗毅2, 3 周 昊2, 4 陈李林5*** 肖治术2
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.135
作者单位：1. 福建农林大学安溪茶学院，泉州 362406；2. 中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室， 北京 100101；3. 河北大学生命科学学院，保定 071002；4. 中国科学院大学生命科学学院，北京 100049； 5. 福建农林大学植物保护学院，农林生物安全全国重点实验室，福州 350002
中文关键词：海南蓝泥蜂；人工巢管；孵育室；生活史；个体大小；繁殖策略
英文关键词：Chalybion hainanense; artificial nest tube; incubation chamber; life history; individual size; reproductive strategy
中文摘要：
【目的】 旨在掌握海南蓝泥蜂Chalybion hainanense的筑巢产卵行为和生活史特征，以明确该物种的繁殖策略。【方法】 利用人工巢管技术在广东省车八岭自然保护区森林动态样地布设了80个巢箱并收集被独栖蜂筑巢的巢管，进行室内饲养并定期观察记录其发育情况，同时测量了海南蓝泥蜂的筑巢结构和成蜂个体大小。【结果】 2019年共回收巢管8次，共收集433根海南蓝泥蜂的巢管和450个孵育室。单根巢管平均构建孵育室（1.04±0.19）个，产1个卵的巢管占比为96.07%。孵育室平均长度（105.12±49.62）mm，平均直径（9.64±1.27）mm，平均体积（7 623.97±3 991.80）mm3。子代性比偏向雌性（♀∶♂=1.23∶1），且雌蜂的巢管直径和孵育室体积均显著大于雄蜂（P<0.001），但雌雄蜂间的孵育室长度无显著差异（P=0.399）。海南蓝泥蜂在广东地区1年2代，第2代以预蛹形态滞育越冬，于翌年5月中旬开始羽化。该蜂卵期2-3 d，孵化后的幼虫取食蜘蛛，历经6-7 d后化蛹，化蛹后持续38-44 d羽化，越冬代滞育期220-290 d。雌蜂体长和头宽均显著大于雄蜂（P<0.001）。在雌蜂中，头宽与巢管直径呈显著正相关（tau=0.58，P<0.001），且第2代个体显著大于第1代（P<0.05）。【结论】 海南蓝泥蜂的筑巢产卵行为和生活史特征体现了其对环境的适应性及繁殖策略的复杂性，为了解其生态学意义和保护策略提供了重要依据。
英文摘要：[Aim] To describe the
nesting, oviposition and life history, of Chalybion hainanense, and
thereby clarify the reproductive strategy of this species. [Methods] Eighty artificial trap-nests were
deployed within the forest dynamic plot in Chebaling National Nature Reserve in
Guangdong Province. Trap-nests used by solitary bees and wasps were collected,
and their progress monitored by regular indoor observations. In addition, the nesting
structure and adult body size of C. hainanense were measured. [Results]
In 2019, a total of eight trap-nest
collections were conducted, yielding 433 C. hainanense nests and 450
brood cells. On average, each trap-nest contained (1.04 ± 0.19) brood cells,
with 96.07% containing a single egg. The average length of brood cells was (105.12
± 49.62) mm, the average diameter was (9.64 ± 1.27) mm and the average volume
was (7 623.97 ± 3 991.80) mm³. The offspring sex ratio was female biased (♀∶♂ = 1.23∶1), and the diameter
of nests and the volume of female brood cells were significantly larger than
those of males, although there was no significant difference in brood cell
length between the sexes. C. hainanense has two generations a year in
Guangdong, the second of which overwinters in pre-pupal form and starts to
emerge in mid-May the following year. The egg stage lasts 2 to 3 days, after
which the larvae feed on spiders, taking 6 to 7 days to pupate. Larvae pupate
for 38 to 44 days before eclosion, whereas the overwintering generation
undergoes a diapause period of 220 to 290 days. Female body length and head
width are significantly greater than those of males. Among females, head width
shows a significant positive correlation with tube diameter, and individuals of
the second generation are significantly larger than those of the first
generation. [Conclusion] The
nesting and oviposition behavior of Chalybion hainanense, together with
other life history traits, reflect its adaptability and complex reproductive
strategy. These findings provide critical insights into the ecological
significance of this species and inform conservation strategies.