胰岛素（Insulin，INS）及胰岛素信号通路（Insulin signaling pathway，IIS）因其独特的降血糖功能而备受关注。随着研究的深入，发现 IIS 不仅参与了哺乳动物众多生命活动，在昆虫中也具有类似的胰岛素通路，IIS对昆虫的生长、发育、繁殖、觅食和免疫等都存在调控作用。本文主要介绍了昆虫IIS的类型、IIS通路成员[胰岛素样蛋白（Insulin-like protein，ILP）、胰岛素受体（Insulin receptor，InR）和叉头状转录因子O家族（Forked head transcription factor O，FoxO）]的结构、功能及其作用机制等；阐述了IIS在昆虫不同生命活动，如化学感受、寿命、免疫和表型可塑性中的作用机理。由于IIS在不同物种间具有保守性，因此对昆虫IIS的研究不仅可为农业生产中昆虫的利用和治理提供理论依据，也可为人类的发育调控、衰老抵抗和疾病治疗提供一定参考。

Insulin (INS) and the insulin signaling pathway (IIS) have attracted considerable research interest due to their unique role in hypoglycemia. Recent progress has revealed that IIS not only regulates a variety of physiological activity in mammals but also has a similar role in insects. IIS plays a regulatory role in insect growth, development, reproduction, feeding, and immunity. This article introduces the types of IIS in insects, describes the structure and function of IIS related genes, and the insulin-like protein (ILP), insulin receptor (InR) and forkhead transcription factor O family (FoxO). The role of IIS in different aspects of insect life, such as chemoreception, life span, immunity, and phenotypic plasticity, are described. IIS regulates the life activities of insects by regulating the expression of related genes and influencing the activity of related functional proteins, thereby allowing insects to adapt to environmental changes. Due to the highly conserved nature of IIS among different species, the study of IIS not only provides a theoretical basis for the utilization and management of insects in agricultural production, but also provides information that may contribute to the regulation of human development, resistance to aging and disease treatment.