【目的】 了解西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera工蜂所产蜂王浆（Royal jelly，RJ）对自身学习记忆能力的影响，为食物对蜜蜂个体学习记忆的影响研究提供理论参考。【方法】 根据蜜蜂的食物差异，用30%蔗糖糖水（30% Sucrose，30% S）与蜂王浆混合配制成0% RJ、10% RJ和40% RJ共3个浓度的混合溶液，分别饲喂出房蜂王与工蜂，笼养5 d后进行食欲嗅觉相关的学习记忆能力测试，并比较蜜蜂对不同气味的辨识能力；Dnmt3基因作为参与蜜蜂学习记忆形成的重要基因之一，采用实时荧光定量PCR测定该基因在不同浓度蜂王浆影响下蜂王与工蜂头部的相对表达情况。【结果】 PER（Proboscis extension reflex）试验结果表明，食用40% RJ后，工蜂和蜂王学习记忆能力均显著提高（工蜂：F_2,1805=35.29, P<0.000 1；蜂王：F_2,909=8.69, P=0.000 2）且均表现出良好的气味辨识力，但工蜂的气味辨识能力优于蜂王。Dnmt3基因表达分析结果表明，食用蜂王浆后，工蜂头部Dnmt3基因上调表达，蜂王头部Dnmt3基因则下调表达。【结论】 蜂王浆能够提高蜜蜂认知能力并影响蜜蜂头部Dnmt3基因的表达，可为进一步研究蜂王浆对蜜蜂学习记忆的内在影响提供一定的理论依据。

 [Aim]  This study aims to investigate the effect of royal jelly (RJ) on honeybee learning and memory to gain a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of honeybee memory. [Methods]  After emergence, queens and workers were raised in cages and fed 0% RJ, 10% RJ, and 40% RJ dissolved in 30% sucrose. Five days post-emergence we tested their learning, memory, and odor discrimination using the appetitive olfactory related proboscis extension reflex (PER) paradigm. Given the critical role of Dnmt3 gene in honeybee acquisition and extinction learning and memory formation, we tested the Dnmt3 gene expression pattern by real-time quantitative PCR in the brain of queens and workers fed RJ. [Results]  Results of the PER test indicate that learning, memory, and odor discrimination was significantly improved (worker: F_2,1805=35.29, P<0.000 1; queen: F_2,909=8.69, P=0.000 2) in both castes that were fed 40% RJ. However, odor discrimination was higher in workers compared to queen bees. Gene testing showed that Dnmt3 gene expression was upregulated in worker bees but downregulated in queen bees following a diet of 40% RJ. Here we provide evidence that a high concentration of RJ can improve honeybee cognition and influence the expression pattern of the Dnmt3 gene. [Conclusion]  These findings offer valuable insights into the role of RJ in facilitating honeybee learning and memory.