四种生物农药对美国白蛾的复配增效作用研究
Synergistic effect of four biotic pesticides on Hyphantria cunea
李 强** 陈文帮** 蔡 婷 王张远 陈 敏***
点击：73次 下载：11次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.020
作者单位：北京林业大学林学院，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083
中文关键词：美国白蛾；生物农药；共毒因子；共毒系数；增效作用
英文关键词：Hyphantria cunea; biotic pesticide; co-toxicity factor; co-toxicity coefficient; synergistic effect
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确灭幼脲、虫酰肼、苦参碱和印楝素4种生物农药对美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea幼虫的杀虫活性和混配后的联合药效，为药剂的林间复合应用提供一定参考。【方法】 采用人工饲料涂布法对美国白蛾4龄幼虫进行了4种单剂和混合药剂的室内毒力测定，采用共毒因子法筛选具有增效作用的最佳配伍，再用共毒系数法确定混配的最佳比例。【结果】 4种生物农药对美国白蛾4龄幼虫的毒力大小顺序为印楝素>灭幼脲>苦参碱>虫酰肼，施药96 h后的致死中浓度(Median lethal concentration, LC50)依次为1.732、23.702、30.160和54.296 mg·L﹣1。灭幼脲和虫酰肼以致死中浓度混配后表现出显著增效作用，且体积比为9∶1时增效作用最显著，其共毒系数为278.462，该复配组合处理美国白蛾幼虫的致死中时间(Median lethal time, LT50)分别比仅用虫酰肼和灭幼脲时缩短了0.704和1.281 d。其他混配组合均表现为拮抗或相加作用。【结论】 4种生物农药对美国白蛾4龄幼虫均具有较高的杀虫活性，但仅有灭幼脲和虫酰肼按照一定比例混配具有显著增效作用。当灭幼脲和虫酰肼浓度分别为23.702和54.296 mg·L﹣1，且复配体积比为9∶1时杀虫效果最好。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To clarify the insecticidal activity, and combined efficacy, of
four biotic pesticides, chlorbenzuron, tebufenozide, matrine, and azadirachtin,
on Hyphantria cunea larvae. [Methods] The toxicity of four pesticides, both when
applied separately and as a mixture, on the 4th instar larvae of H. cunea was determined using a surface contamination bioassay and an artificial diet.
First, the co-toxicity factor method was used to identify the combination with
the best synergistic effect, after which the co-toxicity coefficient method was
used to identify the optimal mixing ratio. [Results] The relative toxicity of the four biotic
pesticides was azadirachtin > chlorbenzuron > matrine > tebufenozide.
The median lethal concentration (LC50) 96 h after application was
1.732, 23.702, 30.160, and 54.296 mg·L-1, respectively. A mixture of chlorbenzuron
and tebufenozide had significant synergistic effects at lethal concentrations,
and this was most significant at a ratio of 9∶1, with a co-toxicity
coefficient of 278.462. The median lethal time (LT50) of this
combination was 0.704 and 1.281 d less, respectively, than that for
tebufenozide or chlorbenzuron. Other pesticide mixtures displayed antagonistic
or additive effects. [Conclusion] The four biotic pesticides
tested have high insecticidal activity against 4th instar H. cunea larvae, but only a mixture of chlorbenzuron and tebufenozide had significant
synergistic effects. The best results were achieved at concentrations of
chlorbenzuron and tebufenozide of 23.702 and 54.296 mg·L-1, respectively, and at a volume
ratio of 9∶1.