台基直径对中华蜜蜂育王效果的综合评价
The effect of queen cell cup diameter on the artificial rearing of Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) queens
黄知楚1** 陈道印1 赵东绪1 罗谷辉1 华启云1 倪伟成2 苏晓玲1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.023
作者单位：1. 金华市农业科学研究院，金华321017；2. 磐安县药乡蜂谷生态农林有限公司，金华322300
中文关键词：中华蜜蜂；人工育王；台基直径；出房率；蜂王形态
英文关键词：Apis cerana cerana；artificial queen rearing；cup diameter；emergency rate；queen morphology
中文摘要：
【目的】 探究台基直径对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana人工育王效果的影响，优化中华蜜蜂人工育王技术操作方法。【方法】 开展中华蜜蜂人工育王实验，比较直径为6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0、11.0和12.0 mm 的7种台基对王台大小、蜂王出房率、蜂王初生重的影响，并基于主成分分析法对蜂王初生形态指标进行综合评价。【结果】 不同直径台基建造的王台尺寸经中华蜜蜂改造后差异较小，但显著影响蜂王出房率和跗节长、胫节长、背板5宽、头长、头宽、上颚宽形态指标（P＜0.05）。使用7.0 mm直径台基培育蜂王出房率较高，蜂王形态综合评价排序为7.0
mm＞6.0 mm＞9.0 mm＞8.0 mm＞10.0 mm。【结论】 建议中华蜜蜂人工育王生产上优先选择7.0 mm直径台基。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To investigate the effect of
queen cell cup diameter on the artificial rearing of Apis cerana cerana queens. [Methods] The effects of
seven different cup diameters (6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, and 12.0 mm) on
queen cell size, emergence rate, and initial queen body weight, were measured
and compared. In addition, principal component analysis was used to compare the
morphological characteristics of newly emerged queens from queen cell cups of
various diameters. [Results] Minimal
differences in queen cell size had a significant impact on emergence rate and
several morphological indices, such as metatarsus length, tibia length,
longitudinal diameter of tergite 5, head length, head width and mandible width (P＜0.05). Queens reared
in 7.0 mm queen cups had higher emergence rates, and queen cell cup size could
be ranked with respect to queen body size as follows: 7.0 mm > 6.0 mm >
9.0 mm > 8.0 mm > 10.0 mm. [Conclusion] 7.0 mm diameter cups are the best for the
artificial rearing of A. c. cerana queens.