单季稻小麦轮作区灰飞虱发生规律
The occurrence law of Laodelphax striatellus in single rice-wheat rotation area
程兆榜等
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作者单位：江苏省农科院植保所
中文关键词：灰飞虱，寄主转移，越冬，稻套麦，水稻条纹叶枯病，水稻黑条矮缩病；控制策略
英文关键词：small brown planthopper; host transfer; overwinter; wheat interplanting with rice; rice stripe virus disease; rice black-streaked dwarf disease; control strategy
中文摘要：为了明确单季稻-小麦轮作区灰飞虱的发生规律，采用灯诱法、盘拍法、盘刮法、黄盘诱集法对灰飞虱周年发生,特别是在寄主转移时的消长规律进行了系统研究。结果表明：灰飞虱主要在适宜藏匿的场所越冬，其中常规耕翻田主要在田边田头的禾本科枯死杂草或其它密生植物、稻套麦田主要在田中稻残桩中，灰飞虱的越冬效率为50%～60%。稻套麦田灰飞虱夏冬寄主间的转移效率约为10%是常规耕翻麦田的20倍，其冬后基数分别是机械浅旋耕和常规耕翻田的35倍和77倍。灰飞虱周年只有一个迁移扩散高峰期，与小麦收割时间基本吻合。移栽后水稻上灰飞虱数量锐减，大田前期灰飞虱主要来源于秧苗带入的未孵化卵块。通过比较发现稻套麦优化了灰飞虱的越冬环境，是近年来灰飞虱大发生和水稻条纹叶枯病大流行的主要原因。根据上述研究结果提出了使用机械浅旋耕技术等耕作方法压低灰飞虱越冬基数是水稻条纹叶枯病、水稻黑条矮缩病等灰飞虱传病毒病能有效治理的前提这一新观点。
英文摘要：Seasonal population dynamics and among-host transmission patterns of the small brown planthopper (SBPH) in rice-wheat rotation fields were investigated using light traps, yellow pan water traps, tray flaps and tray scraps. Our results showed that SBPH overwintered mainly on senescent gramineous grasses and/or other dense-growth plants in conventional cropping system wheat fields while mainly on paddy stubble in the rice-wheat intercropping system. On average, 50-60% of SBPH population can successfully overwintered . In the rice-wheat intercropping system without tillage, the rate of transmitting SBPH from rice to wheat was about 10% and was about 20 times higher than with tillage . The number of SBPH successfully overwintered in the rice-wheat intercropping system with no-tillage was 35 and 77 times higher that with shallow tillage and conventional tillage, respectively. Massive migration in SBPH populations occurred only once a year, peaking at the time when wheat is harvested) and migrating into rice seedling beds nearby. The population of adult SBPH decreased sharply after transplanting and its occurrence in the paddy field were mainly emerged from unhatched eggs carried by the rice seedlings. These results indicate that rice-wheat intercropping creat a favorable environment for the overwinter of SBPH and could be the main factor contributing the severe outbreaks of SBPH and rice stripe virus disease in recent years. Therefore, we propose the use of rice-wheat intercropping system with a shallow tillage to control SBPH-transmitted rice virus diseases such as rice stripe virus disease and rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease etc.