烟蚜茧蜂AphidiusgifuensisAshmead滞育诱导的温光周期反应
Temperature and Photoperiodic response of Diapause induction in Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead
李玉艳，张礼生，陈红印，王伟，张洁
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作者单位：中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 农业部作物有害生物综合治理综合性重点实验室
中文关键词：滞育，烟蚜茧蜂，温度，光周期
英文关键词：Diapause, Aphidius gifuensis, Temperature, Photoperiod
中文摘要：烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead是可持续防控蚜虫的优良内寄生蜂，在害虫生防中具有重要作用，研究其滞育对探索发育调控机制、延长产品货架期、提高防治效果意义重大。本文采用梯度变温法和光周期反应曲线法，系统研究了温度和光周期对烟蚜茧蜂滞育诱导的影响，研究结果表明：烟蚜茧蜂以老熟幼虫滞育，滞育类型属冬滞育型。低温、短光照是诱导烟蚜茧蜂滞育的主要环境因子，二者相互配合能诱导更多个体滞育。短光照（L8: D16）条件下，温度低于12℃可诱导烟蚜茧蜂进入滞育，8℃时滞育率可达54.35%。长光照（L14: D10）下，高温不能诱导烟蚜茧蜂滞育，低温下的滞育率较低，仅为1.79%。低温（10℃）下，短光照（8h）可诱导50.70%的高滞育率，光照为14h和6h其滞育率均显著下降。25℃时，不同光照下滞育率均为0，光周期作用不显著。综合而言，温度和光周期均能显著影响烟蚜茧蜂的滞育，温度较光周期的滞育诱导效能更显著，二者互作配合能极显著的诱导烟蚜茧蜂进入滞育态。
英文摘要：Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead is an important solitary endoparasitoid of aphid, which play a significant role as biocontrol agent in biological control. The research on diapause of A. gifuensis not only could help us to realize the developmental mechanisms of natural enemy insects deeply, but also could prolong the product shelf-life and enhance the efficiency of pest biocontrol. The diapause induction response of temperature and photoperiod on A. gifuensis was studied with a method of temperature gradient variation and a photoperiodic response curve method in this research. The results indicated that A. gifuensis was characterized by winter diapause, and it diapaused as mature larvae. Low temperature and short day length were the two key factors in diapause induction of A. gifuensis. More aphid parasitoids can enter into diapause if the two factors interacted. Diapause was induced successfully under the temperature below 12 °C and a short day length (L8: D16). At 8 °C, up to 54.35% of A. gifuensis entered diapause. Under a long day length of L14: D10, high temperature was unable to induce A. gifuensis into diapause and the diapause rate was only 1.79% at 10 °C. Diapause rate was 50.7% under conditions of low-temperature (10 ºC) and a short day length (L8: D16). However, the diapause rate decreased significantly when the photoperiod was 14h and 6h. The effects of photoperiod on diapause induction were not significant at 25 ºC. Long day, medium or short day lengths were unable to induce diapause of A. gifuensis. Temperature and photoperiod were both affected diapause induction of A. gifuensis significantly. Temperature played a greater role than photoperiod on diapause induction, and the interaction between them was very significant (P<0.01).