不同饲养温度对半闭弯尾姬蜂性比及羽化的影响
Effects of different rearing temperature on sex ratio and eclosion of Diadegma semiclausum Hellén
李向永， 尹艳琼， 赵雪晴， 谌爱东
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作者单位：云南省农科院农业环境资源研究所
中文关键词：温度，半闭弯尾姬蜂，性比，羽化率
英文关键词：Temperature，Diadegma semiclausum Hellén，sex ratio， eclosion percentage
中文摘要：本文在室内研究了不同化蛹温度及羽化温度对半闭弯尾姬蜂自然种群性比及羽化规律的影响，试验共设4种处理，A：化蛹温度25℃，羽化温度25℃；B: 化蛹温度25℃，羽化温度22℃；C；化蛹温度22℃，羽化温度25℃；D: 化蛹温度22℃，羽化温度22℃。结果表明：⑴ A处理条件下，雌、雄蜂的羽化历期为4d (4d~7d)，羽化高峰期均为化蛹后第5d，羽化率分别为11.5%、12.5%。⑵ B处理条件下，羽化历期为5d (5d~9d)，羽化高峰期均为化蛹后第7d，羽化率羽化率分别为11.5%、10.5%。⑶ C处理条件下，羽化历期为3d (7d~9d)，雌蜂羽化高峰期为化蛹后第7~8d，羽化率羽化率为9.2%，雄蜂羽化高峰期为化蛹后第8d，羽化率羽化率为11.4%。⑷ D处理条件下，羽化历期为4d (9d~12d)，羽化高峰期均为化蛹后第10d，羽化率分别为13.5%、13.9%。⑸ A、B、C、D处理条件下性比(♀/总数)分别为0.41、0.39、0.82和0.76。在4个处理温度组合中，22℃条件下化蛹的蜂蛹性比要高于25℃，在5%水平上差异显著(P<0.05)，但在化蛹温度相同时，不同羽化温度处理间差异不显著。⑹化蛹温度为25 ℃和22℃时, 性比分别为0.40 ± 0.07、0.79 ± 0.05；羽化温度为25 ℃和22℃时, 性比分别为0.59 ± 0.11、0.56 ± 0.07。方差分析结果表明化蛹温度为22℃与25℃处理间在1%水平和5%水平均存在着显著性差异(P<0.01, P<0.05)。⑺多元回归分析结果表明，性比(Y)、化蛹温度X1、羽化温度X2间的线性关系为Y=3.324 - 0.128X1 + 0.012X2(R2=0.753*，F=9.975, P<0.01)。研究表明，相对于25℃而言，22℃左右更适合半闭弯尾姬蜂的室内扩繁。
英文摘要：Experiments on the effect of temperature on sex ratio and eclosion characteristics of Diadegma semiclausum were conducted under two different rearing temperature conditions in the laboratory. All experiments were given conditions of 22 ℃and 25℃ at 60-70% RH with L:D//14:10 light period. Four experiments designated A, B, C and D, were carried out. In A, pupation and eclosion were done at 25℃. In B, pupation was at 25℃ while eclosion was at 22℃. In C, pupation was at 22℃ while eclosion was at 25℃. In D, both pupation and eclosion were conducted at 22℃. In treatment A, the eclosion period of female and male was 4 days, from 4th to 7th day after pupation with the eclosion peak on the 5th day. The emergence for female and male was (11.5% and 12.5%) respectively. In B, the eclosion period of female and male was 5 days, from 5th to 9th day after pupation with the eclosion peak on the 7th day, the emergence was (11.5% and 10.5%) respectively. In C, the eclosion period of female and male was 3 days, from 7th to 9th day after pupation with the eclosion peak of female on the 7th -8th day and an emergence of 9.2%, the eclosion peak time for male was on the 8th day, after pupation, with emergence was 11.4%. In D, the eclosion period of female and male was 4 days, from 9th to 12th day after pupation with the eclosion peak time on the 10th day. The emergence was 13.5% and 13.9%, respectively. The sex ratios (♀/total) in A, B, C and D were 0.41,0.39,0.82,0.76, respectively. The sex ratio of pupation at 22℃ was higher than that of 25℃ and thus showed a significant difference at 0.05 level (P<0.05). There was no observed significant difference under the same pupation temperature of 22 0C and 25℃ at 0.05 level (P>0.05) in the emergence of the insects. The sex ratios were 0.40 ± 0.07, 0.79 ± 0.05 for 25℃ and 22℃pupation temperatures respectively and a significant difference was observed at 0.05 and 0.01 level (P<0.05, P<0.01).For eclosion at 25℃ and 22℃ the sex ratios were 0.59 ± 0.11, 0.56 ± 0.07, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the linear relation equation of variables: sex ratio (Y), pupation temperature (X1) and eclosion temperature (X2) was Y=3.324 - 0.128X1 + 0.012X2(R2=0.753*, F=9.975, P<0.01). Our research results concluded that 22℃ was the optimal rearing temperature of D. semiclausum than 25 0C in the laboratory.