固醇：昆虫必须的营养物质
Sterols: essential nutrients for insects
靖湘峰
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DOI：
作者单位：康奈尔大学昆虫系 纽约 14850
中文关键词： 昆虫，固醇营养，固醇运输，胆固醇，害虫防治
英文关键词：insect, nutrition, sterols, cholesterol, pest control
中文摘要： 固醇不但是昆虫细胞膜的重要组成部分，还是昆虫蜕皮激素的前体。尽管胆固醇是昆虫体内最常见的固醇，但不同昆虫的固醇组成有着显著差异，而且其组成随食物中固醇组成的变化而变化；即使同一种昆虫，其体内不同组织间也呈动态不均匀分布。为了从食物中获得固醇，昆虫有一套完整的运输体系，可以将固醇经过消化道运输到细胞内。在此过程中，携脂蛋白和固醇运输蛋白起着重要的作用。为此国际上非常重视以固醇和昆虫为中心的各级生物的营养联系研究。本文综述了国际上的最新研究进展，系统地总结了固醇物质在昆虫体内的分布及代谢利用、固醇物质在昆虫体内的运输研究研究成果，提出了固醇类似物的开发、细胞内固醇运输载体抑制剂研制和基于改固醇的抗虫植物培育等手段，以发展害虫防治新技术。
英文摘要：Unlike mammals, insects cannot synthesize sterols de novo because of the lack of key enzymes. Insects have to acquire these nutrients because sterols are the key components in cell membrane and, more importantly, they are the precursors of steroid hormone-ecdysone. Cholesterol is the most common sterol found in most insects. Sterols composition differs between different insect species and it changes along with dietary sterols. Sterols can go through the gut into different tissue with the assistance of lipoprotein and then distribute into cell membrane and other membrane structure with the assistance of sterol carrier proteins (SCP). The interaction between different organisms based on sterols is a quite interesting topic which is important for the application of sterols research in pest control. Comparing with the history of Entomology, insect sterol research is a new area but the new finding in this area will be important for not only pest control but also cholesterol-related human healthy issues.