稻纵卷叶螟的起飞日龄观测
Observations on migratory behavior of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis: When will they take-off
杨 帆 郑大兵 史金剑 胡 高 张孝羲 翟保平
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作者单位：南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系 农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部和农业部重点实验室 南京 210095
中文关键词： 稻纵卷叶螟，起飞日龄，生殖滞育
英文关键词： Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, take-off ages, reproductive diapause
中文摘要：
在室内条件下，通过自主设计的起飞观测装置，利用人工模拟的黄昏环境，研究了稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée 1~6日龄未交配成虫的起飞行为，并分别对迁出种群以及本地繁殖种群的起飞、扩散行为与日龄和性别的关系进行了测试分析。结果表明：（1）生殖隔离条件下，不同日龄稻纵卷叶螟的起飞和扩散比例存在显著差异，以羽化后24 h内成虫的飞行频率最低，2日龄是迁出种群的起飞高峰期。（2）对于夏季北迁种群而言，在首次迁飞发生期，当具备适宜的光照、温度等适于起飞的环境条件时，雌虫的起飞迁飞频率高于雄虫。（3）稻纵卷叶螟的迁飞历期较长，雌蛾产卵前期可达7.6 d，即在羽化后较长一段时间内成虫均可保持远距离飞行的潜能。（4）本地繁殖种群的起飞数量明显低于迁出种群，但仍占有一定比例，表明迁飞是稻纵卷叶螟的遗传特性，田间各代均有一定比例的外迁个体，这种种性特征不会因室内继代饲养而完全丧失。
英文摘要：Take-off behavior of the migratory moth Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) was observed in unmated females and males 1 to 6 days after eclosion, in r. The relationship between flight performance of emigrant and local breeding populations and adult age and sex were investigated. Simulated dusk and a self-developed observation device were used. The following results were obtained: (1) There were significant differences in flight frequency between virgin moths of different ages. The number of take-offs was lowest during the first 24 hours after eclosion but peaked rapidly during the 2nd day. (2) A significantly lower proportion of males than females took off for the first long distance migration under at optimum temperature and illumination conditions. (3) C. medinalis displayed a long migration period, which meansthat their propensity and capacity to engage in such flights can be maintained for quite a long time after eclosion. (4) The local breeding population had a significantly lower average take-off frequency than the population, but still comprised a certain proportion of emigrants. This suggests that migration is a hereditary characteristic of C. medinalis that is not lost completely even under continuous captive breeding. A certain proportion of emigrants always exists in any generation.