滞育烟蚜茧蜂的亲代效应评价
Maternal effect of diapause in Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead
张礼生** , 陈红印 , 张 洁 , 李玉艳
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作者单位：中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 农业部作物有害生物综合治理综合性重点实验室 中美生物防治合作实验室 北京 100081
中文关键词：烟蚜茧蜂，滞育，亲代效应
英文关键词：Aphidius gifuensis, diapause, maternal effect
中文摘要： 【目的】 烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead是可持续防控蚜虫的优良内寄生蜂，适宜的低温短光照可诱导其进入滞育，滞育后产品货架期长达120 d，对害虫生防意义重大。为深入探索滞育烟蚜茧蜂的亲代效应，分析滞育机理，提高滞育诱导效率，指导该天敌产品的贮存实践，开展本项研究。【方法】 在室内测试了滞育烟蚜茧蜂F1代的羽化率、性比、成蜂寿命、滞育率、寄生力以及F2代的羽化率、性比等生物学指标，综合评价滞育烟蚜茧蜂的亲代效应。【结果】 滞育经历对烟蚜茧蜂子代的部分生物学性状具有显著性影响，F1代雌蜂比例显著增加，滞育维持30 d后子代雌蜂比例由0.59上升至0.65；F2代雌蜂比例与CK无差别，维持在0.58左右；F1代滞育率显著升高，可由对照的44.75% 提高至74.01%，滞育维持30 d后子代滞育率具升高趋势；F1代寄生力略增加，各处理形成的僵蚜数在117~129头间，但无显著性差异；F1代羽化率、子代成蜂寿命与CK相比无差异。【结论】 烟蚜茧蜂具有较显著的滞育亲代效应，亲代滞育经历可显著提高子一代的滞育率，利于子代抵御不良环境胁迫，提高种群存活率。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead is an important solitary endoparasitoid of aphids and is a significant biological control agent for these pests. Research on diapause in A. gifuensis can not only help us better understand the development of this beneficial insect, but could also enhance the efficiency of using it as a bio-control agent. Previous studies have suggested that low temperature and short-days can induce this parasitic wasp to enter diapause, thereby extending its “shelf-life” for up to 120 days. [Methods] In this paper, we analyzed the F1 and F2 generation’s emergence rate, sex ratio, adult longevity, diapause rate and other biological indicators. [Results] Parental diapause had a significant effect on the biological characteristics of the F1 and F2 generations. The number of female parasitoids and the diapause rate of the F1 generation increased significantly; the proportion of females in the F1 generation increased from 0.59 to 0.65 after diapause had been maintained for 30 d. There was no significant difference in the number of female parasitoids between the F2 generation and the control; the proportion of females among post-diapause and non-diapause A. gifuensis offspring was around 0.58. There was a significant increase in the diapause rate of the F1 generation offspring, increasing from 44.75% to 74.01%. The parasitic capacity of F1 females increased slightly, but not significantly, compared to the control. The emergence rate of post-diapause and non-diapause A. gifuensis offspring was > 88% at 20℃and25℃, L16: D8, RH 75%, 4 400 lx and the average longevity of different diapause duration A. gifuensis offspring was > 6.0 days. [Conclusion] There is a significant maternal diapause effect in A. gifuensis, parental diapause can significantly improve the diapause rate of the first generation, which will help it to withstand adverse environmental stress and thereby improve its survival.