家蝇蛹和果蝇蛹繁育的蝇蛹金小蜂对果蝇蛹的寄生比较
Comparative studies on parasitism of achycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) reared on housefly and fruit fly pupae
周和锋1 , 郑金土2, 张同心2, 徐永江1 , 陈忠梅3, 段毕升3, 胡好远3**
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DOI：
作者单位：1. 慈溪市林特技术推广中心，慈溪 315300；2. 宁波市林特科技推广中心 宁波 315012；3. 安徽师范大学生命科学学院 安徽省高校生物环境与生态安全省级重点实验室 芜湖 241000）
中文关键词：寄生蜂，害虫，生物防治，替代寄主，果蝇
英文关键词： parasitoid wasps, pest insects, biological control, substituted hosts, fruit flies
中文摘要： 【目的】 蝇蛹金小蜂Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae（Rondani）是杨梅园等果园果蝇类害虫蛹期常见寄生蜂种类，在对果蝇类害虫的生物防治上具有重要价值。本文旨在探讨使用家蝇蝇蛹为替代寄主繁育蝇蛹金小蜂的方法。【方法】 探讨分别以家蝇蛹和果蝇蛹繁育的蝇蛹金小蜂对家蝇和果蝇蝇蛹的选择性，并比较了在两种寄主上繁育的蝇蛹金小蜂在大小、寿命、产卵期、后代产量和性比等方面的差异。【结果】 结果表明与果蝇蛹相比，家蝇蛹明显较大，在家蝇蛹上发育的蝇蛹金小蜂后代个体也明显较大；家蝇蛹和果蝇蛹发育的寄生蜂雌蜂寿命为（13.4±4.11）和（3.94±2.49）d、产卵期分别为（11.4±4.11）和（3.13±2.42）d、单头雌蜂后代雌蜂数量分别为（34.31±31.83）和（7.88±3.58）头，在家蝇蛹上繁育的寄生蜂明显具有较长的寿命和产卵期、更多的雌雄蜂后代数量；在对家蝇蛹和果蝇蛹的选择上，繁育自家蝇和果蝇的蝇蛹金小蜂雌蜂选择频率的差异不大。【结论】 利用家蝇蛹繁殖的蝇蛹金小蜂在寄生果蝇蛹时具有更大优势，在繁殖蝇蛹金小蜂控制杨梅园等果蝇的为害时，可以选择家蝇蛹作为替代寄主。
英文摘要：
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[Objectives] Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae is a parasite of fruit flies that is an important biological control agent of these pests. Whether this parasitoid can be reared on housefly pupae was investigated. [Methods] The host preferences of parasitoids reared on housefly or fruit fly pupae were compared. The offspring size, longevity, oviposition duration, productivity, and offspring sex ratio from females reared on these two types of hosts were also compared. [Results] Housefly pupae were significantly larger than fruit fly pupae, and parasitoids that developed from housefly pupae were also larger. The longevity, oviposition duration, number of offspring per female of female parasitoids reared on housefly and fruit fly pupae were (13.4 ± 4.11) and (3.94 ± 2.49) d, (11.4 ± 4.11) and (3.13 ± 2.42) d, (34.31 ± 31.83) and (7.88 ± 3.58), respectively. The host preferences of parasitoids reared on the two kinds of hosts were similar. [Conclusion] The results suggest that P. vindemmiae reared on housefly pupae were healthier than those reared on fruit fly pupae, and that housefly pupae are suitable hosts for rearing P. vindemmiae for the control of fruit fly pests in waxberry orchards.