柿日本蜡蚧发生规律及常用药剂防治效果比较
Regularity of occurrence and efficacy of insecticides in controlling Persimmon ceroplastes japonicus
李艳琼1** , 李丛英2, 宋勃鹏1 , 王远丽1, 李 佳1, 李怡彬1
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作者单位：（1. 玉溪农业职业技术学院 玉溪 653100；2. 昆明市宜良县农业技术推广服务中心 昆明 652100）
中文关键词：日本蜡蚧，柿树，发生规律，化学防治
英文关键词：Ceroplastes japonicus, persimmon, occurrence regularity, chemical control
中文摘要：
【目的】 日本蜡蚧是柿树（Diospyros kaki L.f.）上的重要害虫，该论文目的是明确柿日本蜡蚧Persimmon ceroplastes 在云南省玉溪市的发生规律，筛选出有效药剂。【方法】 依据本地的物候规律系统调查日本蜡蚧的发生情况，采用随机区组设计筛选有效药剂。【结果】 日本蜡蚧在云南省玉溪市1年发生1代，以受精雌成虫在1～2年生枝条上越冬，翌年2月初，气温稳定在6℃以上开始发育，3月上旬开始产卵，3月下旬孵化，5月上旬—6月上旬为孵化盛期，7月上旬雌虫陆续由叶转到枝上固着危害，至秋后开始进入越冬期。用48%毒死蜱（480g/L EC）5 000倍液、24%螺虫乙酯（240g/L SL）2 500倍液、2.5%高效氯氰菊酯（EC）2 500倍液、40%杀扑磷（EC）1 000倍液、25%噻虫嗪（WG）8 000倍液、20%阿维菌素·毒死蜱（ME）（阿维菌素 0.2%和毒死蜱 19.8%)2 000倍液和90%敌百虫原药1 000倍液，喷雾时添加2 500倍液有机硅喷雾助剂。田间防治试验表明：施药后5 d，2.5%高效氯氰菊酯和40%杀扑磷防效分别为93.7%和91.9%，均显著高于其余5种药剂的防效；施药后10 d，24%螺虫乙酯和20%阿维菌素·毒死蜱的防效分别为96.2%和92.9%，均显著高于2.5%高效氯氰菊酯、40%杀扑磷和90%敌百虫原药的防效；施药后20 d 48%毒死蜱、24%螺虫乙酯、25%噻虫嗪和20%阿维菌素·毒死蜱的防效分别为85.2%、96.6%、83.3%和93.7%，均显著高于2.5%高效氯氰菊酯、40%杀扑磷和90%敌百虫原药的防效。【结论】 日本蜡蚧在云南省玉溪市一年发生1代。高效氯氰菊酯和杀扑磷具有较好的速效性，螺虫乙酯和阿维菌素·毒死蜱混剂持效性较好。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Ceroplastes japonicas Green is an important pest on a persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f,), The regularity of occurrence of Persimmon ceroplastes was investigated inYuxi,Yunnan. [Methods] On the basis of local Persimmon ceroplastes japonicus phenological law system , to choose the effective drugs with randomized block design. [Results] This pest has one generation per year in this region and fertilized female adults overwinter on 1-2 year old branches of persimmon trees. Overwintering adults begin to develop in early February of the following year when the temperature is >6℃and lay eggs in early March. These eggs begin to hatch in late March and reach the hatching fastigium stage from early May to early June. Female insects gradually move from leaves to branches from early July to late autumn, and then enter the overwintering period. The control efficacies of 2.5% beta-cypermethrin EC and 40% methidathion EC five days after spraying on this pest were 93.7%, and 91.9% respectively, significantly higher than that of the other 5 insecticides. The control efficacies of 24% spirotetramat SL and a 20% abamectin-chlorpyrifos mixture ME 10 days after spraying were 96.2% and 92.9%, respectively, significantly higher than that of 2.5% beta-cypermethrin EC , 40% methidathion EC and 90% trichlorfont. The control efficacies of chlorpyrifos EC, 24% spirotetramat SL, 25% thiamethoxam WG and a 20% abamectin-chlorpyrifos mixture ME 20 days after spraying were 85.2%, 96.6%, 83.3% and 93.7% respectively, significantly higher than that of 2.5% beta-cypermethrin EC, 40% methidathion EC and 90% trichlorfon. [Conclusion] This research based on one generation about Persimmon ceroplastes Beta-cypermethrin EC and methidathion EC has better fast-acting property. Beta-cypermethrin EC and abamectin-chlorpyrifos mixture ME has better persistence.