两种麦田蚜茧蜂对蚜虫外激素行为 反应的比较研究
Behavioral responses of Aphidius avenae Haliday and A. gifuensis Ashmead to the aphid pheromones (E)-β-farnesene and nepetalactone
王 璐** 王 康 董 洁 刘 勇***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.031
作者单位：山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018
中文关键词：燕麦蚜茧蜂，烟蚜茧蜂，反-β-法尼烯（Eβf），假荆芥内酯（NEP），嗅觉行为
英文关键词： Aphidius avenae Haliday, Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead, (E)-β-farnesene, nepetalactone, olfactory behavior
中文摘要：
【目的】 麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)是我国冬小麦产区的重要害虫，燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius avenae Haliday和烟蚜茧蜂A. gifuensis Ashmead是麦田寄生蜂优势种。试验比较了2种蚜茧蜂对蚜虫报警外激素（Eβf）和性外激素（NEP）的嗅觉行为反应，为蚜虫外激素在害虫控制中的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】 本文以四臂嗅觉计测定了燕麦蚜茧蜂和烟蚜茧蜂对蚜虫报警外激素及性外激素的嗅觉行为趋向及反应阈值。【结果】 烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂对高浓度的Eβf（1 μg·μL-1、0.1 μg·μL-1）具有显著的正趋向反应（P<0.01），而燕麦蚜茧蜂雌蜂对低浓度的Eβf（0.01 μg·μL-1和0.001 μg·μL-1）具有显著的正趋向反应（P<0.01）。0.1 μg·μL-1 Eβf对2种蚜茧蜂雌蜂都有显著吸引作用（烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂：P<0.01；燕麦蚜茧蜂雌蜂：P<0.05）。烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂对设定浓度的NEP具有显著的趋向反应（1 μg·μL-1和0.01 μg·μL-1：P<0.01；0.1 μg·μL-1和0.001 μg·μL-1：P<0.05），而燕麦蚜茧蜂对此没有明显的嗅觉行为反应。从嗅觉行为反应的选择系数看，烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂对1 μg·μL-1的Eβf或1 μg·μL-1 NEP的选择系数最高而燕麦蚜茧蜂雌蜂对0.01 μg·μL-1的Eβf选择系数最高。【结论】 Eβf和NEP可以作为麦田操纵寄生性天敌行为反应的信号化合物。烟蚜茧蜂可利用Eβf或NEP作为寄主搜寻和定位的化学线索，而燕麦蚜茧蜂仅可利用Eβf作为寄主搜寻和定位的化学线索。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] The English green aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is one of the most important pests of winter wheat crops in China. The wasps Aphidius avenae Haliday and A. gifuensis Ashmead are two important parasitoids of S. avenae. Comparison of the behavioral responses of these species to the aphid pheromones (E)-β-farnesene (Eβf) and nepetalactone (NEP) was performed to improve the scientific application of aphid pheromones. [Methods] A four-arm olfactometer was used to determine the behavioral responses of A. avenae and A. gifuensis to different dose thresholds of Eβf and NEP. [Results] Female A. gifuensis were significantly (P<0.01) attracted to higher doses (1 μg·μL-1, 0.1 μg·μL-1) of Eβf, whereas female A. avenae were significantly attracted to lower doses of Eβf (0.01 μg·μL-1, 0.001 μg·μL-1) (P<0.01). Both female A. gifuensis and female A. avenae were significantly attracted by 0.1 μg·μL-1 Eβf (A. gifuensis: P<0.01; A. avenae: P<0.05). A. gifuensis were also significantly attracted to the four candidate doses of NEP (1 μg·μL-1, 0.01 μg·μL-1：P<0.01；0.1 μg·μL-1, 0.001 μg·μL-1：P<0.05), but A. avenae was not. The highest parameter selective coefficient of olfactory behavior was recorded in A. gifuensis in response to 1 μg·μL-1 Eβf or NEP, whereas that in A. avenae was only recorded at a dose of Eβf 0.01 μg·μL-1. [Conclusion] Eβf or NEP could be as used as semiochemicals to attract these two parasitic wasps. A. gifuensis is attracted by Eβf or/and NEP whereas A. avenae only appears to use Eβf as a chemical cue over for locating aphid hosts in wheat fields.