温度对菊酯类杀虫剂在枸杞 蚜虫作用机制的影响
Effect of temperature on the toxicity of pyrethroids to Aphis gossypii Glover
张 丛1** 牛婧玮1 常 静1 李海平1*** 刁青云2
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.035
作者单位：1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院，呼和浩特 010019；2. 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所，北京 100093
中文关键词：温度，菊酯类杀虫剂，棉蚜，作用机制，温度系数
英文关键词：temperature, pyrethroid, Aphis gossypii Glover, mechanism, temperature coefficient
中文摘要：
【目的】 枸杞蚜虫Aphis gossypii Glover是枸杞上的重要害虫，危害枸杞的蚜虫主要是棉蚜，化学防治是最主要的防治方法之一。菊酯类杀虫剂被认为是负温度系数的农药，本文主要研究了温度对菊酯类杀虫剂在棉蚜作用机制的影响。【方法】 室内采用药膜法测定了不同温度下3种菊酯类杀虫剂对棉蚜的毒力； 采用试剂盒测定了不同温度下3种菊酯类杀虫剂对棉蚜Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase的活性抑制；采用DPH作为探针，应用荧光偏振的方法测定了温度对菊酯类杀虫剂在棉蚜线粒体膜流动性的影响。【结果】 在温度分别为17、27、37 ℃时，溴氰菊酯对棉蚜的毒力表现为正温度系数，百树菊酯和氰戊菊酯表现为负温度系数。当3种菊酯类杀虫剂浓度为1×10－4 mol /L，3种杀虫剂对两种ATPase的抑制均表现负温度系数。在不同温度下，3种杀虫剂对棉蚜线粒体膜流动性的影响表现出相似的变化趋势：低温下影响大，高温下影响小，呈现负温度系数。【结论】 影响菊酯类杀虫剂温度系数的机制比较复杂，ATPase和线粒体膜流动性在负温度系数中起着重要的作用。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Aphis gossypii Glover is a major pest of wolfberry crops. Chemical control is currently one of the main methods used to control the crop damage caused by this pest. The effectiveness of pyrethroids is generally thought to decrease with temperature increasing. [Methods] The effect of temperature on the toxicity of pyrethroids to A. gossypii was investigated. The residual film method was used to determine the toxicity of three pyrethroids to A. gossypii. at 17, 27 and 37℃. An ATPase kit was used to measure the effect of the above three pyrethroids on mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity at different temperatures. Fluorescence polarization was used to study mitochondrial membrane fluidity in A. gossypii with DPH as a fluorescent probe. [Results] In the three pyrethroids tested, the toxicity of deltamethrin increased, whereas that of phenvalerate and cyfluthrin, decreased with temperature increasing. At a pyrethroid concentration of 1×10－4 mol /L, the inhibitory effect of all the three pyrethroids on Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity decreased with temperature increasing. There was similar trend in the effect of the three pyrethroids on mitochondrial membrane fluidity at the three tested temperatures. Changes in DPH polarization caused by the three pyrethroids were greater at lower than higher temperatures, which is consistent with the generally accepted negative correlation between pyrethroid toxicity and temperature. [Conclusion] The relationship between temperature and pyrethroid toxicity is complex, and ATPase and mitochondrial membrane fluidity play an important role in the general negative temperature coefficient of pyrethroid toxicity.