不同受害油松林内红脂大小蠹空间格局的地统计学研究
Geostatistical analysis of the spatial distribution of Dendroctonus valens in Pinus tabuliformis forests with different levels of infestation
高丙涛 任利利 蒋 琦 刘漪舟 俞琳锋 骆有庆
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.148
作者单位：北京林业大学，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083；北京林业大学，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083；北京林业大学，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083；北京林业大学，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083；北京林业大学，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083；北京林业大学，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083；北京林业大学，林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083
中文关键词：红脂大小蠹；新入侵地；受害程度；地统计学；聚集分布
英文关键词：Dendroctonus valens; new range; infestation levels; geostatistics; aggregated distribution
中文摘要：
【目的】 红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens LeConte是我国一种危害松林的重大入侵害虫，近年其分布区逐步向北扩散，严重威胁我国北方松林生态安全。本文研究了在新入侵地红脂大小蠹侵入孔的空间格局，以期为监测和防治红脂大小蠹提供参考。【方法】 应用地统计学方法，分析不同受害程度的油松林内和重度受害油松林内不同时间的红脂大小蠹成虫侵入孔的空间分布格局。【结果】 红脂大小蠹当年侵入孔在不同受害程度林分内均为聚集分布，但空间结构具有差异。轻度和中度受害林内，最优拟合模型为球状模型，空间依赖范围分别是2.060 m和2.400 m；过火后的重度受害林内最优拟合模型为指数模型，空间依赖范围为38.610 m，未过火的重度受害林内最优拟合模型为高斯模型，空间依赖范围是2.633 m；未过火的3种林分内局部空间连续性均大于94%，而过火林内局部空间连续性小于90%。重度受害林内往年侵入孔呈聚集分布，最优拟合模型是高斯模型，空间依赖范围为2.754 m，局部空间连续性为99.9%。通过比较往年和当年侵入孔等值线与矢量叠加图，发现红脂大小蠹由中心向四周扩散。【结论】 红脂大小蠹侵入孔呈明显的聚集分布，并以虫源树为中心向周围扩散。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To analyze the spatial distribution of Dendroctonus valens LeConte, a major invasive pest that threatens the ecological security of pine forests in northern China. [Methods] The spatial distribution of entrance holes in four infested forests with different levels of infestation was studied using geostatistical methods. [Results] D. valens had an aggregated distribution in different forests, but its spatial distribution differed with level of infestation. The spherical model best approximated the spatial distribution in lightly and moderately infested forest in which spatial dependence ranges were 2.060 m and 2.400 m, respectively. The exponential model best approximated the spatial distribution in severely infested（post-fire）forest, in which the spatial dependence range was 38.610 m. The Gaussian model best approximated the spatial distribution in a severely infested forest, in which the spatial dependence range was 2.633 m. The intensity of local spatial continuity in three forests that had not been burned was greater than 94%, but was less than 90% in forests that had been burnt. Old entrance holes in severely infested forests were also aggregated. The best-fitting model was a Gaussian model with a spatial dependence range of 2.754 m and local spatial continuity of 99.9%. Comparing overlay isoline and vector maps of new and old entrance holes revealed that D. valens spreads from the center to the periphery of branches. [Conclusion] D. valens has a clearly aggregation distribution and spreads around old trees in newly colonized areas.