生境类型对传粉昆虫多样性的影响
Effect of habitat type on pollinator diversity
王怡，胡学丰，宋怀磊，周青松，吴清涛，孔维娜，朱朝东，李捷
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.127
作者单位：山西农业大学园艺学院，太谷 030801
中文关键词：生境；生物多样性；传粉昆虫；林区；山地梨园
英文关键词：habitat; biodiversity; pollinator insects; forest habitat; orchard habitat
中文摘要：【目的】 作为生态系统中传粉服务的提供者，传粉昆虫多样性对于维持生态系统的稳定具有不可替代的作用。明确不同类型生境中传粉昆虫多样性的差异特征，有助于制定更加合理化的农业生产方式。【方法】 以山西省典型的林区生境（沁水县中条山）和山地果园生境（隰县梨园）为研究区，利用马氏网调查传粉昆虫物种多样性。【结果】 林区生境中累计捕获传粉昆虫7 090头，山地梨园生境中累计捕获传粉昆虫8 817头；尽管在个体数量上山地梨园生境要大于林区生境，但山地梨园生境传粉昆虫物种数仅为林区生境的50%，相似性系数为0.362 2，表现为中等不相似；在2种生境中，蚁科和瘿蚊科均为优势类群，但同时存在特有的优势和常见类群。林区生境多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数显著高于山地梨园生境，而优势集中性指数和优势度指数则显著小于山地梨园生境。【结论】 林区生境中传粉昆虫物种更为丰富，且群落更为复杂和均匀，而山地梨园生境中物种类群更为集中。因此在农业生境中应注意提高植被丰富度，从而有利于增加传粉昆虫多样性，维持农业的可持续发展。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To measure the
diversity of pollinators in different habitat types. [Methods] Pollinator
diversity was measured in a typical forest habitat (Zhongtiao mountains,
Qinshui county) and a montane orchard (pear orchard, Xi county) with Malaise
traps. [Results] A
total of 7 090 pollinators were trapped in the forest habitat and 8 817
in the pear orchard habitat. Although more individual pollinators were trapped
in the pear orchard than in the forest habitat, the latter had twice as many
species. The similarity coefficient was 0.362 2, which indicates moderate
unlikeness. The Formicieae and Cecidomyiidae were the dominant families in both
habitats, but there were some habitat-specific dominant and common groups. The
Diversity, Evenness and Richness indices of the forest habitat were
significantly higher than those of the pear orchard, but the Dominant
concentration and Dominance index were significantly lower. [Conclusion] More species of pollinators were found in a
forest habitat than in a pear orchard, and the forest pollinator community was
more complex and uniform than that of the pear orchard where species were more
concentrated. Increasing the diversity of vegetation in agricultural habitats
could increase pollinator diversity and thereby promote more sustainable
agriculture.