智能蜂箱在设施农业授粉蜂群中的应用研究
Using smart beehives to monitor the health of honeybee colonies pollinating agricultural crops
刘绿峰，王颖，王红芳，路云涛，刘振国，胥保华
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.134
作者单位：山东农业大学动物科技学院，泰安271018
中文关键词：设施农业；智能蜂箱；授粉；蜂群；蜂群健康状态
英文关键词：facility agriculture; smart beehive; pollination; bee colony; colony health status
中文摘要：【目的】 以意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica为研究对象，通过将蜜蜂转至草莓大棚进行试验，运用智能蜂箱采集蜜蜂在草莓大棚内的日常活动数据，以探究蜜蜂在设施农业环境下影响其健康状况的因素。【方法】 利用智能蜂箱监测蜜蜂进出巢数量、蜂巢温湿度、蜂脾重量、声音和蜂群群势等数据变化，为了减少误差对获得的数据进行归一化处理。【结果】 在大棚环境中蜂群的重量呈明显的下降趋势，重量损失甚至超过50%。蜂巢内每天平均温度稳定在10-20 ℃之间，昼夜温差大，不同大棚巢内湿度差距很大，巢内温湿度并不是蜂群生存的最佳环境。蜂群进出量的变化趋势相似，但变化幅度有差别且蜂群进出量最高的大棚相较其他大棚高出2.67-2.83倍。巢内声音变化趋势相似，随着试验时间的延长声音逐渐增强。【结论】 大棚环境并不是蜜蜂生存的最佳环境，反季节大棚果蔬种植环境对授粉蜂群的健康有不利影响。本研究对开展设施农业中蜂群健康状况研究具有一定指导意义。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To investigate the
health of honeybees in a strawberry greenhouse.
[Methods] Italian honeybees
Apis mellifera ligustica were the study species. We used smart beehives situated in a strawberry
greenhouse as a monitoring tool to obtain data on the number of bees entering
and leaving the hive, the temperature and humidity of the hive, the honeycomb
weight, the volume of sound produced by colonies and colony potential. All data
were normalized before analysis.
[Results] The weight of bee colonies decreased significantly by > 50% over
the course of the study. The average daily temperature of hives was between 10
and 20 °C in all three greenhouses. There was, however, a large temperature
difference between day and night, and humidity varied considerably between
greenhouses. The temperature and humidity recorded in hives were not ideal for
colony health and survival. The trend in the number of bees entering and
leaving hives was similar, but the range was different. In one greenhouse
2.67-2.83 times more bees entered and left hives than in the other greenhouses.
The change in the volume of sound produced by colonies was similar; volume
gradually increased over the duration of the experiment.
[Conclusion] The greenhouse environment is not an ideal
environment for honey bees, and the off-season fruit and vegetable cultivation
environment in greenhouses has adverse effects on the health of honeybee
colonies. These findings lay a foundation for improving the health of honeybees
used for pollination purposes in greenhouses.