基于线粒体COⅠ基因的弓背蚁族系统发育研究
Phylogenetic study of the Camponotini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on mitochondrial COⅠ gene variation
李文杰，陈志林，周善义
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.136
作者单位：珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室，广西师范大学，桂林 541004
中文关键词：弓背蚁族；线粒体COⅠ基因；系统发育
英文关键词：Camponotini; mtCOⅠgene; phylogenetic
中文摘要：【目的】 弓背蚁族是蚁亚科中最大的一个族，该族分布广泛，存在多型现象，地理变异且种间差别微小，尚无人对该族进行全面系统的研究报道。将传统形态分类手段和分子特征分析方法结合起来，有助于建立中国弓背蚁族的鉴定系统以及蚁科昆虫更完善的系统发育关系。【方法】 本文对弓背蚁族234头24种蚂蚁的线粒体COⅠ基因序列进行了PCR扩增和测序，应用贝叶斯法（Bayesian
inference，BI）和最大似然法（Maximum
likelihood，ML）重建了弓背蚁族部分种类的系统发育关系。【结果】 弓背蚁族共有13种单独聚成一支，与形态鉴定结果基本一致。弓背蚁属11种的系统发育关系为（日本弓背蚁C. japonicus+少毛弓背蚁C.
spanis+褐毛弓背蚁C.
fuscivillosus+未知种Camponotus sp.1+（平和弓背蚁C. mitis+（四斑弓背蚁C.
quadrinotatus+尼科巴弓背蚁C.
nicobarensis）+哀弓背蚁C.
dolendus+（沃斯曼弓背蚁C.
wasmanni+截胸弓背蚁C.
mutilarius）+窄颈弓背蚁血色亚种C.
angusticollis subsp. sanguinolentus））））））））。但两种建树方法所得的系统发育树拓扑结构略有不同，日本弓背蚁C.
japonicus、少毛弓背蚁C.
spanis、平和弓背蚁C.
mitis和未知种Camponotus sp.2的进化地位需要进一步探讨。多刺蚁属11种的系统发育关系为（（结多刺蚁P.
rastellata+短胸多刺蚁P.
brevicorpa）+双齿多刺蚁P.
dives+（光亮多刺蚁P.
lucidula+（江华多刺蚁P.
jianghuaensis+光胫多刺蚁P.
tibialis）+ 叶形多刺蚁P. lamellidens+（亚毛多刺蚁P. subpilosa+哈氏多刺蚁P. halidayi）+（梅氏多刺蚁P. illaudata+拟梅氏多刺蚁P. proxima）））））），但两种方法的系统发育树拓扑结构也略有不同，双齿多刺蚁P. dives和光亮多刺蚁P. lucidula的进化地位需要进一步探讨。【结论】 由于弓背蚁族昆虫种间具有较为相似的形态特征，很难通过传统的形态分类手段对其进行准确地分类，分子特征可以作为其分类鉴定有效的辅助工具。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To apply molecular methods to the identification of the Chinese Camponotini,
the largest family in the Formicinae, and thereby contribute to a more complete
understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among the Formicidae. [Methods] A
combination of traditional morphological classification methods and molecular
methods were used. PCR amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial COⅠgene sequences of 24 species of 234 Camponotini
species was carried out after which the phylogenetic relationships of some
species were reconstructed using Bayesian (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)
methods. [Results] (1) A total of 13
species clustered on a single branch, which is basically consistent with the
results of morphological identification. (2) A more reliable phylogenetic
relationship among the 11 species in the genus Camponotus is (C.
japonicus+C. spanis+C. fuscivillosus + unknown species Camponotus sp.1 + (C. mitis+ (C. quadrinotatus + C. nicobarensis)
+C. dolendus+ (C. wasmanni+C. mutilarius) +C.
angusticollis subsp. Sanguinolentus)))))))). However, comparison of
two phylogenetic tree topologies indicates that the phylogenetic relationships
among C. japonicus, C. spanis, C. mitis and Camponotus sp.2 need further clarification. (3) A more reliable phylogenetic
relationship of the 11 species in the genus Polyrhachis is ((P.
rastellata + P. brevicorpa)+P. dive + (P. lucidula+ (P.
jianghuaensis+P. tibialis) +P. lamellidens+ (P. subpilosa + P. halidayi) + (P. illaudata +P. proxima)))))).
However, differences in the phylogenetic tree topologies obtained using the two
methods indicate that the phylogenetic relationship between P. dives and P. lucidula require further clarification. [Conclusion] Molecular methods are an effective auxiliary
tool for identifying species of Camponotini, which are difficult to identify
accurately with traditional morphological methods.