【目的】 短星翅蝗Calliptamus abbreviatus隶属于直翅目、星翅蝗亚科，是草原及半农牧区的主要害虫之一，其相关分子生物学信息研究相对较少。本研究拟测序短星翅蝗的转录组数据，基于组装和注释结果，鉴定并挖掘该类群与免疫相关的信号通路和基因。【方法】 本研究采用Illumina高通量测序平台，对短星翅蝗雌雄成虫个体进行了转录组测序，对测序数据进行组装和注释等生物信息学分析，并鉴定与免疫相关的通路及基因。【结果】 短星翅蝗转录组数据总计获得36 804个unigenes，对unigenes进行Nr、Nt、GO、COG、KEGG、Swissprot和Interpro七大功能数据库注释，最终21 137个unigenes被成功注释。在Toll通路、IMD通路和JAK-STAT信号通路中共鉴定了160个与天然免疫相关的unigenes；在MAPK、TLR等与免疫相关的通路中鉴定出166个unigenes，在解毒代谢相关的通路中鉴定出457个unigenes。短星翅蝗的雌雄分组中（C_abbreviatus_M VS C_abbreviatus_F），总计获得8 125个差异表达基因，其中6 326个为上调表达基因，而1 799个为下调表达基因。差异表达基因KEGG注释中，有22个unigenes注释到JAK-STAT信号通路上，6个unigenes注释到MAPK通路中。另外，还检测到6 227个SSR。【结论】 本研究获得了短星翅蝗转录组数据，并对其与免疫相关的通路及基因进行了鉴定分析，为该类群基因功能注释、免疫基因筛选及分子标记开发等研究提供了分子基础。

[Objectives]  To analyze the transcriptome of Calliptamus abbreviatus (Calliptaminae, Orthoptera), one of the main pests of grassland and semi-rural pastoral areas, in order to identify immune related signal pathways and genes in this pest. [Methods]  Transcriptome data of female and male adults were sequenced on an Illumina high-throughput platform. Bioinformatics analysis of sequencing data, such as assembly and annotation, were implemented, and immune related pathways and genes were identified. [Results]  A total of 36 804 unigenes were obtained, of which 21 137 were successfully annotated using the seven functional databases (Nr, Nt, GO, COG, KEGG, Swissprot and Interpro). 160 unigenes associated with innate immunity were identified in the Toll, IMD and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. 166 unigenes are associated with other immune related pathways (such as the MAPK and TLR signaling pathway), and 457 are associated with detoxification metabolism related pathways. In total 8 125 genes that are differentially expressed in males and females were identified, of which 6 326 were up-regulated and 1 799 down-regulated, respectively. Based on KEGG annotation, a total of 22 unigenes were annotated in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and six were annotated in the MAPK pathway. In addition, 6 227 SSRs were detected. [Conclusion]  Transcriptome data on C. abbreviates was successfully obtained and immune related pathways and genes identified. These findings provide a molecular basis for gene function annotation, the identification of immune genes, and molecular marker development, in this species.