【目的】 枸杞实蝇Neoceratitis asiatica (Becker) 是宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L. 果期危害严重的优势害虫。其幼虫在果内潜食为害，难以有效防治。枸杞实蝇雌虫选择枸杞幼果产卵的过程是生产中防控实蝇的关键期。而明确枸杞实蝇雌虫的卵巢发育与产卵节律是弄清该虫防控关键期的重要一环。【方法】 分别解剖羽化后1至45 d枸杞实蝇雌虫的卵巢，观察卵巢的形态结构，记录卵巢的长度和宽度，并统计成熟卵粒数。通过统计羽化后45 d内枸杞实蝇雌虫在枸杞幼果上的每日产卵数量，分析其产卵节律。【结果】 枸杞实蝇的卵巢发育进程分为5期5个级别：卵巢发育初期（Ⅰ级）、成熟待产期（Ⅱ级）、产卵初期（Ⅲ级）、产卵盛期（Ⅳ级）、产卵末期（Ⅴ级）。其中，枸杞实蝇雌虫羽化第4天其卵巢发育达到性成熟。并在羽化第4天首次产卵。【结论】 枸杞实蝇雌虫羽化第4天是生产中防控该虫关键期。本研究明确了枸杞实蝇雌虫防控关键期，可为进一步田间科学防控该实蝇提供指导。

[Objectives]  To investigate the ovarian development and timing of oviposition in the Goji fruit fly, Neoceratitis asiatica (Becker), an important pest of Lycium barbarum L, and thereby identify the critical period for controlling this pest in the field. [Methods]  Females were dissected under a microscope 1 to 45 days after their emergence and the length and width of their ovaries, and the number of mature eggs, were recorded. In addition, the number of eggs laid on young fruits within 45 days of emergence was recorded to determine the timing of oviposition. [Results]  Ovarian development could be divided into five stages; the early stage (Ⅰ), the egg-maturing stage (Ⅱ), the early oviparous stage (Ⅲ), the peak oviparous stage (Ⅳ), and the late oviparous stage (Ⅴ). Females became sexually mature on the fourth day after eclosion and those that had mated began laying eggs on the same day. [Conclusion]  The fourth day after the emergence of female N. asiatica is the critical time for controlling this pest in the field.