利用生命表分析不同种群密度下 扶桑绵粉蚧生长适应性
Effects of population density on the fitness of Phenacoccus solenopsis
罗正玉，高莉萍，杜嘉宜，雷小涛，王香萍，张金平
点击：246次 下载：11次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2023.140
作者单位：长江大学农学院昆虫研究所
中文关键词：扶桑绵粉蚧；适应性；密度；存活率；产卵量；寿命；种群生命表
英文关键词：Phenacoccus solenopsis; fitness; density; survival rate; fecundity; longevity; population life table
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确密度对扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley种群增长的影响，为大田防治该虫提供理论依据。【方法】 本研究在温度（26 ± 1）℃、RH 70% ± 10%、光周期16L︰8D条件下，对单位面积内（15 cm2）不同密度（2、5、10、15和20头）下饲养的扶桑绵粉蚧的生长发育和繁殖进行研究。【结果】 不同密度对其发育历期、存活率、寿命、产卵量和种群增长均有影响；饲养密度为5和10头时其发育历期分别为（26.60 ± 0.57）d和（26.67 ± 0.45）d，显著短于其他密度下的发育历期（P<0.05）；若虫密度为2头时，单雌平均产卵量最高，为（100.56 ± 1.25）粒，若虫密度5头时，单雌平均产卵量为（61.29 ± 2.64）粒；若虫密度为5头时其存活率为75%，显著高于其他密度（P<0.05）；净增殖率（R0）以若虫密度为2头时最大，R0为31.425，其次为密度为5头时，R0为22.985，且R0值随若虫密度的增加而下降；种群倍增时间（t）以若虫密度为5头时最小，t为5.635 d，其次是若虫密度为10头时，t为5.682 d，总的趋势为t值随若虫密度的增加呈现出先减小后增加。【结论】 综合扶桑绵粉蚧若虫密度与其生长发育与繁殖的相关性结果，表明若虫密度为5头/15 cm2时，最适合其生长发育和繁殖，密度过低或过高均对其种群产生不利的影响。研究结果表明若虫密度是影响扶桑绵粉蚧种群增长的重要因子之一，可作为调查及防治该害虫的重要指标。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To clarify the effect of density on the population growth of Phenacoccus solenopsis to improve control of this pest. [Methods] The development and reproduction of P. solenopsis kept at (26 ± 1) ℃, a RH of 70% ± 10% and a photoperiod of 16L︰8D, was measured at different nymphal densities (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 per 15 cm2). [Results] The developmental duration was significantly shorter, (26.60 ± 0.57) d and (26.67 ± 0.45) d, respectively, at nymphal densities of 5 or 10 per 15 cm2 (P < 0.05). Female fecundity was highest [(100.56 ± 1.25) progeny per female] at a nymphal density of 2, followed by a nymphal density of 5 [(61.29 ± 2.64) progeny per female]. The survival rate at a nymphal density of 5 was 75%, which was significantly higher than the other treatments (P < 0.05). The net reproductive rate (R0) was highest at a nymphal density of 2 (31.425), followed by that at a nymphal density of 5 (22.985). R0 decreased with increasing nymph density. The population doubling time (t) was shortest at a nymphal density of 5 (5.635 d), followed by a nymphal density of 10 (105.682 d). The t value was first negatively, then positively, correlated with nymphal density. [Conclusion] Nymphal density affects the population growth of P. solenopsis. A density of 5 nymphs / 15 cm2 was the most suitable for the growth, development and reproduction of this species; lower or higher densities were less suitable. These findings are useful for further research on control methods for P. solenopsis.