红火蚁复眼的扫描电镜观察
Compound eye morphology of the fire ants, Solenopsis invicta invaded Southern China observed with scanning electron microscopy
范 凡1，3**； 刘 杰2 ； 屈 平1 ； 吕利华2 ； 魏国树1，3***
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作者单位：1. 河北农业大学 保定 071001； 2. 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 广州 510640；3. 河北省农作物病虫害生防工程中心 保定 071001
中文关键词：红火蚁， 复眼， 形态， 感觉毛
英文关键词：Solenopsis invicta， compound eye， morphology， sensilla
中文摘要：了解红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren复眼形态结构及其与不同性别、品级的关系，为探索其基于视觉行为习性的、有效的非化学防控措施提供新思路和依据。采用扫描电镜技术，比较研究红火蚁工蚁、有翅雌蚁、雄蚁的复眼形态差异。结果表明：（1）工蚁复眼圆形，略外凸，小眼数约110个；雌蚁复眼长椭圆形，外凸，小眼数约510个；雄蚁复眼近半球形，小眼数约805个；（2）工、雌和雄蚁复眼中心区域小眼排列较紧密，多为较规则的五、六边形，边缘区域小眼排列不紧密，多为不规则的四至六边形，且少量相邻小眼的间距较大。工蚁、雌蚁和雄蚁复眼小眼面积大小依次为500，360，348.61 μm2 ，同品级内小眼面大小相差不大；（3）雌、雄蚁复眼中心区域近背区小眼间着生少量感觉毛，感觉毛长度和直径依次为：雌蚁17.5～902，2.16～4.29 μm，雄蚁17.5～279，141～2.52 μm 。表明雌蚁、雄蚁复眼及视力较发达，工蚁则较弱，不同性别或品级个体复眼的形状、小眼数目和形状、表面被物均有较大差异和区域性分化。
英文摘要：Compound eye morphology of the worker, female alate and male alate of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren was studied with scanning electron microscopy. The compound eye of worker had only about 110 ommatidia and it was a outward slightly convex rotundity; the female alates' was long ellipse and composed of approximate 510 ommatidia; the male's was similar to a hemisphere andhad more than 805 ommatidia; The shape of ommatidia in the central region was pentagon or hexagon and more rules, and very close, but in the rim was irregular quadrangle, pentagon or hexagon, and no close, the spacing between the individual ommitidium was very big. The ommatidium area of worker, female and male ants wereabout 500，360 and 34861 μm2 respectively, the area of different ommatidium had little change in the same grand; There were some sensilla between the ommatidia which near dorsal area in the compound eye of male and female. The length of sensilla in female alates 17.5 μm to 90.2 μm, diameter 2.16 μm to 4.29 μm, and the male alate sensilla length was 17.5 μm to 27.9 μm, diameter 1.41 μm to 2.52 μm. There was a remarkable difference and regional differentiation among sexes and castes on the shape of compound eye, the number and shape of ommatidium, and configuration on the surface.