中国东北中生代时期的传粉昆虫与虫媒植物
Pollination and “flower” visits in the Late Mesozoic of northeastern China
史宗冈1 张维婷1 高太平1 任 东1,2**
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作者单位：1.首都师范大学生命科学学院，北京 100048；2.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所 现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室，南京 210008
中文关键词： 授粉，昆虫，中生代，化石
英文关键词： pollination, insect, Mesozoic, fossil
中文摘要：
昆虫与植物的相互作用在昆虫与植物协同进化和发展中起着至关重要的作用。化石记录中发现了昆虫取食花粉、授粉滴、访问中生代裸子植物具胚珠的繁殖器官等多方面的昆虫化石证据。20世纪90年代以来，研究和报道了大量采自中国东北地区保存良好的昆虫与植物化石。例如发表于Science上的2篇具有长喙的双翅目和长翅目昆虫化石文章，暗示着它们很可能参与各种裸子植物的授粉。在本篇文章中，作者回顾了已报道的中国东北晚中生代时期的昆虫化石，并把它们与授粉或访“花”相联系。另外，作者对采自同一层位的同时代的植物化石进行了初步研究并介绍了可能涉及到与昆虫相互作用的代表性植物。今后将进一步深入研究，以期在化石中找到昆虫授粉和访花的直接证据。
英文摘要： Interactions between insects and plants have played an important role in the evolution of both taxa. Evidence that ancient insects consumed pollen, collected pollen-drops or related fluids, or visited the ovuliferous reproductive organs of Mesozoic gymnosperms, has been found in the fossil record. In northeastern China, a high number of diverse, excellently preserved fossil insects and plants have been studied and reported on since the mid 1990’s. For example, two studies of fossil dipterans and mecopterans with long proboscides implicated in the pollination of gymnosperm plants were published in Science. In this paper, we review reported fossil insects found in northeastern China from the Late Mesozoic and identify those that were potential pollinators or “flower” visitors. In addition, we also carry out a preliminary survey of coeval fossil plants from the same locations and present potential plant candidates which might have been involved in insect interactions. Further research will be carried out to identify direct evidence of pollination and flower “visits” in these insect and plant fossils.