亚洲飞蝗发声器结构与鸣声时域特征研究
Studies on the time domain characters of songs and the stridulatory organs of Locusta migratoria migratoria
李敏,王寅亮,宋慧华,刘斐,任炳忠**
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作者单位：东北师范大学 生命科学学院长春130024
中文关键词：亚洲飞蝗， 发声器， 鸣声， 时域
英文关键词：Locusta migratoria migratoria， stridulatory organs， song， time domain
中文摘要： 本文对亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria (L.) 发声器的结构及鸣声的时域特征进行了研究。亚洲飞蝗主要的发声方式为前翅中闰脉-后足股节型，即前翅中闰脉的发声齿与后足股节内侧隆线相互摩擦发出鸣声。应用扫描电子显微镜技术对发声器的结构进行观察，结果表明，亚洲飞蝗前翅中闰脉具有单排规则排列的发声齿，发声齿为圆形颗粒状突起。同种不同个体，发声齿的形态与排列稳定，个体差异不明显。亚洲飞蝗雄性与雌性发声齿的数量和分布存在差异，雄性的发声齿发育较为正常，雌性的发声齿发育不完全，这可能是造成雄性鸣声较为清脆，雌性鸣声较为嘶哑的原因之一。鸣声时域波形图分析结果表明，亚洲飞蝗鸣声的脉冲序列由一系列具有典型双脉冲的脉冲组构成，每个脉冲组持续时间为0.042 s，脉冲组间隔为0.073 s；脉冲组中2个单脉冲持续时间分别为0.015 s和 0.017 s，2个单脉冲的脉冲间隔约为0. 0075 s。
英文摘要： The morphology of the stridulatory organs of Locusta migratoria migratoria (L.) was examined with a scanning electron microscope and the time domain characters of its songs analyzed. Stridulation in Locusta migratoria migratoria involves the forewing acting in combination with the rear femur. Rubbing stridulatory teeth on the middle intercalary vein of the forewing with on the rear femur produces sound. Stridulatory teeth with a circular granular swell are distributed regularly on the middle intercalary vein of the forewing in a single line. No significant differences in the shape and arrangement of stridulatory teeth were found between individuals of Locusta migratoria migratoria. However, the number and distribution of stridulatory teeth on the middle intercalary vein differed between male and female adults. Stridulatory organs of male adults were fully developed but those of female adults were only partially developed. We infer that this is the reason why the chirp of male adults is crisp and that of female adults is hoarse. Song analysis showed that the chirp rhythm of Locusta migratoria migratoria was highly regular with an obvious double pulse. Individual chirps lasted about 0.042 s and the interchirp interval was about 0.073 s. The A and B pulse of the chirps continued for about 0.015 s and 0.017 s respectively with a pulse interval of about 0.0075 s.