菜豆—二斑叶螨—伪钝绥螨相互关系的研究
Studies on the interactions among Phaseolous vulgaris, Tetranychus urticae and Amblyseius fallacis
孙月华1, 2郅军锐1**
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DOI：
作者单位：1 贵州大学昆虫研究所 贵州山地农业病虫害重点实验室贵阳550025； 2 安顺学院安顺561000
中文关键词：伪钝绥螨， 二斑叶螨， 菜豆， 选择性， 挥发性物质
英文关键词：Amblyseius fallacis, Tetranychus urticae, Phaseolous vulgaris, selectivity, volatile substance
中文摘要： 本文利用Y-型嗅觉仪和叶碟法测定了伪钝绥螨Amblyseius fallacis (Garman)对不同处理菜豆植株的选择性，并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分别对菜豆健康植株、被机械损伤过的菜豆植株和被二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae (Koch)危害过的植株挥发性物质的成分进行了分析，并对其相对含量进行了比较。结果表明：伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨为害过的带虫带粪、去虫带粪和去虫去粪3类虫害植株表现出很强的趋性，对机械损伤、添加了二斑叶螨虫粪的健康虫害植株虽然也有趋性，但趋向程度远不如3类虫害植物强。菜豆在不同状态下挥发物的种类和成分差异显著，植株受到二斑叶螨为害后，挥发性物质的种类显著增加且大多数为分子量大的物质。在各状态菜豆植株中，甲氧基苯基肟、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、α-法尼烯、桧烯和烷类均占较大的比例。
英文摘要： The relative preferences of Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) for healthy host plants, mechanically injured host plants and host plants infested with the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) were determined using a Ytube olfactometer and leaf disc test. The composition and relative contents of the volatiles of healthy, mechanically injured and mite infested Phaseolous vulgaris host plants were analyzed and identified by gas chromatographymass spectra (GC/MS). The results showed that odors from the leaves plants that had, or were, infested with T. urticae, which included plants with mites and their feces, plants without mites but with their feces and plants without mites or their feces, were significantly more attractive to A. fallacis than either mechanically injured or healthy plants. A. fallacis could be attracted by the odors from mechanically injured plants and healthy plants to which T. urticae feces had been added, but showed a greater preference for odors from miteinfested plants. The composition and content of volatiles differed significantly between healthy, mechanically injured and miteinfested plants. The volatiles of plants infested with T. urticae had more components than those from mechanically injured or healthy plants, and were of higher molecular weight. Methoxyphenyloxime, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, (E,E)-α-farnesene, junipene and alkyl comprised the greater proportion of the volatiles collected from all three kinds of plants.