Mitochondrial DNA ND1 gene sequences were sequenced in 31 individuals of Oedaleus asiaticu （Bienko)from 7 geographical populations in Inner Mongolia, including 1 related species and 2 outgroup species (Myrmeleotettix palpalis and Angaracris barabensis). We compared homologous sequences, calculated nucleotide composition and constructed a molecular phylogenetic tree with the Neighbor-Joining and UPGMA method. In the sequences obtained, A+T was about 76.6% and 22 nucleotide sites (about 7.26%) were substituted. A+T was much higher at the third site than the other two sites in every amino acid code. 18 hapotypes were detected in 28 individuals; hapotype diversity index（H）and mean nucleotide diversity index（Pi）reached 0.218 and 0.0018 respectively. Genetic divergence F_st was 0.0128—0.1573 and gene flow Nm was greater than 1. An AMOVA test indicated that there was 72.36% genetic variation within, and 27.64% between, populations. The phylogenetic trees suggested that different individuals from the 7 areas in Inner Mongolia were located in different clusters, but no clear relationships between haplotypes and geographical regions could be inferred. Because the branches of each cluster are parallel there is no clear difference between the different areas.