The Chinese gallnut aphid, Galla chinensis, forms galls on trees of the genus Rhus. The interaction between this aphid and its host trees provides an important theoretical basis for improving the artificial cultivation of gallnuts, and to analyze insect-plant interactions. This paper reviews research on the interaction between G. chinensis and host trees, both in China and overseas over the past decade, and suggests topics for future research with the goal of providing theoretical support for improving the artificial cultivation of G. chinensis.