[Objectives]  To determine the effects of the large amount of calcium fertilizer required by grapes on the development and reproduction of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch). [Methods]  Grapes were watered with a nutrient solution containing either 0 mmol∙L^－1 Ca²⁺, 2 mmol∙L^－1 Ca²⁺ or 4 mmol∙L^－1 Ca²⁺ over the entire growth period in a greenhouse. After three months, the effects of these treatments on the survival rate, life span and fecundity of grape phylloxera were evaluated under laboratory conditions. [Results]  Development time, longevity and adult fecundity increased by more than 1.88, 1.18 and 3.34 times, respectively, with increasing calcium concentration. However, the development time of first-instar nymphs decreased more than 0.80 times. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m = 0.191±0.003), the finite rate of increase (λ = 1.210±0.004) and the net reproductive rate (R₀ = 169.070±11.897), were highest in the 4 mmol∙L^－1 Ca²⁺ treatment group, and significantly so compared to the 0 mmol∙L^－1 Ca²⁺ and 2 mmol∙L^－1 Ca²⁺ treatment groups (P<0.05). The age-stage specific survival rate (S_xj), cohort age-specific fecundity (m_x) and age-specific maternity (l_xm_x) were also highest in the 4 mmol∙L^－1 Ca²⁺ treatment group. These parameters were obviously lower at lower calcium concentrations. [Conclusion]  Calcium promotes the development and reproduction of grape phylloxera, and calcium fertilizer should be applied, within reasonable limits, in vineyards where grape phylloxera occurs.