Abstract  Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant economic losses and health burdens worldwide. The misuse of traditional chemical pesticide strategies for mosquito control has resulted in pesticide resistance, exacerbating the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases. Thus, the development of novel safe and effective mosquito control strategies is essential for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Wolbachia is an obligatory arthropod-infecting endosymbiont that can manipulate mosquito reproduction and block virus transmission. Releasing Wolbachia-infected mosquito lines to suppress or modify the mosquito population is a promising mosquito control method. In this review, we discussed the effects of Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility and virus blocking and reviewed two mosquito control strategies based on these effects.