Abstract  [Aim]  To investigate the behavioral preferences and adaptability of Drosophila simulans to different host fruits. [Methods]  A four-arm olfactometer was used to determine the odor and oviposition preference of D. simulans for five types of fruits (apple, grape, pear, banana, and bayberry). Additionally, the effects of feeding on different fruits on the reproduction and fitness of D. simulans were compared. [Results]  D. simulans showed the strongest odor preference for waxberry, followed by banana, grape and pear. While banana was the preferred fruit for oviposition, followed by grape, waxberry, pear, and apple. Compared to feeding on apples, D. simulans laid more eggs and had shorter developmental periods on bananas and bayberries. There was no significant difference in hatchability, pupation rate, or emergence rate between the five host fruits. [Conclusion]  This study demonstrates the behavioral preferences and adaptability of D. simulans to five types of fruits. The differences in odor and oviposition preferences for different fruits may be due to a trade-off between behavioral selection and offspring adaptability. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the integrated pest control of D. simulans.